PLATE LXVI1J. 



LAKE COUNTY, 1899. N. H. WINCHELL. 



The highest portion of this county is in the region of the " red rock," 1,800 to 

 1,850 feet above the sea. Here is a broad, undulating plateau, generally deeply 

 buried by morainic drift, from which nearly all the streams of the county take their 

 source. Southward from this plateau are comparatively few lakes, but toward the 

 north they are very numerous, and in the northern one-third part of the county they 

 are so frequent and the streams are so large and steady that most of the travel is 

 done by canoe. In this region of many lakes the drift is less abundant, and the 

 general forms of the lakes are determined by the contours of the rocky substructure. 

 They run mainly northeast and southwest, yet, in the area of the gabbro, their 

 shapes and direction are more varied. The gabbro area in general rises higher than 

 the Archean to the north, constituting the eastern extension of the Mesabi range. 

 The Giant's range is not perceptible as an individual topographic element except in 

 the northeastern part of the county, south of Ogishke Muncie lake, and here, instead 

 of granite, the rock composing it is greenstone. Toward the southwest from this 

 place the Giant's range merges into the Mesabi range and they continue together 

 till reaching St. Louis county. 



The Highland moraine runs across this county in a northeastward direction, 

 having its greatest development in the region of the sources of the Manitou river. 

 It is named from the railroad station in the southwestern part of this county which 

 is situated in a deep recession on the south side of the moraine. This is joined by 

 another morainic belt coming from the west, in the north part of T. 159-8, whose 

 relations and extension are more or less obscure, although it has provisionally been 

 correlated by Mr. Elftman with the Itasca moraine. It may be an eastward exten- 



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sion of the Vermilion moraine, more or less rewrought by the Lake Superior ice-lobe. 

 It appears to be confluent westward with the Mesabi moraine. 



The name lake Gabbro was given by Mr. Elftman to a glacial lake in this county 

 covering the region of lake Isabella westward to Gabbro lake. Owing to an unfor- 

 tunate duplication of this term, leading to confusion, it is proposed to change this 

 name, according to the rule of priority well known in scientific nomenclature, to 

 lake Elftman, in recognition of Mr. Elftman's discovery and first description. 



Still another well-marked glacial lake, lake Dunka, formed by the retreating 

 ice from the Vermilion moraine, covered the region of Birch lake. It had its outlet 

 into the valley of the Embarras river, and during a part of its existence into lake 

 Norwood, which covered the upper valley of the Embarras in glacial time. This 



