SRYOZOA. 811 



t'onstellarlal 



Genus CONSTELLARIA, Dana. 



Constellaria, DANA, 1848, Zoophytes, p. 537; NICHOLSON, 1879, Pal. Tab. Corals, p. 292; 1881, Genus 



Monticulipora, p. 97; DLRICH, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. v, p. 156; 1883, idem, vol. vi, p. 265; 1890. Geol. Surv. Ill , vol. viii, 

 pp. 374,423; JAMES and JAMES, (part.) 1888, Jour. Oin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. xi, p. 29.* 



Stellipora, DVHOWSKI, 1877. Die Ch;etetiden d.Ostb. Silur. form., p. 42. 



Zoaria subramose or frondescent, growing erect from a basal expansion which 

 is attached to foreign bodies. Surface with stellate maculae, the spaces between the 

 rays more or less elevated and occupied by two or three short rows or clusters of 

 closely approximated zooecial apertures. Zocecia with rather thin walls, small 

 circular apertures enclosed by an elevated rim, equally distributed and partly in 

 contact with each other in the spaces between the maculae. Interspaces depressed; 

 mesopores abundant, aggregated in the maculae, always closed at the surface, with 

 gradually crowding horizontal diaphragms. Zooecial tubes with fewer diaphragms. 

 True acanthopores wanting, but exceedinly minute tubuli, increasing in number- 

 with age, are to be detected in the interspaces by means of tangential sections. 



Type : C. florida Ulrich. 



Of this genus I am now acquainted with eight good species and three or four 

 varieties that group themselves around C. florida. The earliest known occurs in 

 the Pierce limestone of Tennessee. This is very much like the Minnesota Trenton 

 species next described, but as it has not yet been critically studied it may prove 

 quite distinct. A variety of C. florida occurs in the upper Trenton beds at Nashville, 

 Tennessee, and in Canada, and other varieties occur abundantly with the typical 

 form of the species in the lower half of the Cincinnati rocks. C.fischeri Ulrich, is a 

 Kentucky form from about the same horizon. In the upper part of the Hudson 

 river group in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, we meet with C. polystomella 

 Nicholson, and C. limitaris Ulrich, and with two undescribed species at Wilmington, 

 Illinois. This locality furnished also the types of C. parva Ulrich. These species 

 are all separated easily from each other by means of intelligently prepared thin 

 sections. 



CONSTELLARIA VARIA, n. sp. 



PLATE XXI. FIGS .1-7. 



Zoarium consisting of one or more irregularly dividing branches arising from a 

 broad basal expansion. Branches usually compressed, generally from 8 to 10 mm. 

 wide, but varying between the extremes of 3 and 15 mm. Maculae large, irregularly 



* 1 consider the work of James and James referred to above as unworthy of such quotation, and that its citation 

 amonj; reputable' works on the Bryozoa is to dignify it with an attention Tar beyond its deserts. But the possibility 

 thiit others may be able to discover merits which I cannot may be sufficient excuse for its inclusion in the bibliography. 



