BRACHIOPODA. 391 



Strophomena rugosa (Raflnesque Ms.)] 



1887. Strophomena planumbona (partim) SHALER. Memoirs, Kentucky Geological Survey, p. 13, 



pis. iv, v. 



1892. Strophomena rugosa HALL. Palaeontology of New York, vol. viii, pt. i, p. 247, flgs. 13, 14. 

 1892. Strophomena planumbona or rugosa HALL. Ibidem, p. 251, pi. ix, flgs. 15-17; pi. xiA, flgs. 8, 9. 



From the examination made by Prof. Hall (op. cit., 1892,) it appears that this 

 widely-distributed species was never described by Rafinesque. Undoubtedly the 

 latter sent to Blainville or Def ranee, or both, specimens of it, with the name Stro- 

 phomena rugosa attached. The species is now well known as S. planumbona Hall. 

 Blainville, 1825, was the first to give a diagnosis of Strophomena (loc. cit.), using as 

 the type "S. rugosa Rafinesque," of which he gives two good figures. These have 

 been reproduced by Prof. Hall (op. cit., 1892). In 1827 a description was given of 

 this species in the " Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles" by "D. F.," probably 

 Defrance. King, 1850, (op. cit.) called attention to the fact that Strophomena rugosa 

 (Rafinesque) Blainville and Leptcena planumbona Hall are one and the same species. 

 A similar conclusion was also reached by Meek in 1873 (op. cit., p. 73). The follow- 

 ing is the description of S. rugosa of Defrance, which is copied from Palaeontology of 

 New York, vol. viii, pt. i, p. 247: " Strophomene rugueuse; Strophomenes rugosa Rafin- 

 esque. Coquille bombee en dessous, et dont la valve superieure est un peu concave 

 et chargee de petites stries rayonnantes. Largeur, un pouce. Fossile de 1'Amerique 

 septentrionale. On voit une figure d'une coquille de cette espece dans 1'atlas de ce 

 dictionnaire, planche de fossiles. Des coquilles de ce genre, qu'on trouve a Dudley en 

 Angleterre, ont de tres-grands rapports avec cette espece; elles en different pourtant 

 en ce que le bord ce celles d'Amerique se retrousse un>j>eu en dessous, tandis que c'est 

 le contraire pour celles d'Angleterre, dont le bord s'abaisse en dessous. On trouve a 

 1'embouchure de la riviere des Alleghanys pres de Pittsborough (Amerique septentri- 

 onale), dans un gres rougeatre, des empreintes de coquilles qui ont beaucoup de rap- 

 ports avec cette espece, mais qui sont plus aplaties." 



"Shell of medium size, concavo-convex, semi-oval or more than semi-circular in 

 outline; hinge line generally a little longer than the breadth of the valves at any 

 point farther forward; lateral extremities, in most examples, somewhat less than 

 rectangular, or sometimes rather acute, more or less compressed and deflected; 

 lateral margins a little contracted posteriorly and rounding to the front, which 

 forms a regular semi-circular curve. 



" Dorsal valve flat [or somewhat depressed] in the umbonal region, and rather 

 strongly and evenly convex in the central and anterior regions, from which it rounds 

 off abruptly to the front and lateral margins; beak very small or not distinct from 

 the edge of the narrow or sublinear area, which is inclined nearly directly backward, 

 but not incurved. Interior showing the cardinal process to be small, depressed, 

 divided to its base into two diverging tooth-like parts, a little flattened [or concave and 



