528 THE PALEONTOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



[Endodesma orthonotum. 



sharply defined. In the cast the dorsal edge from the beaks to near the posterior 

 extremity of the hinge appears bent inward and downward. Surface marked with 

 moderately distinct concentric striae of growth, crossed on the dorsal slope by an 

 obscure sulcus, extending obliquely from the posterior side of the beaks to the mid- 

 dle of the obliquely subtruncated upper part of the posterior margin. 



Length about 64 mm., greatest posterior hight 22 mm., anterior hight 21 mm., 

 convexity 20 mm. 



The above description is founded upon the original type of the species which is 

 preserved in the Illinois State Museum. The obscuring matrix of which the authors 

 of the species complain was removed without much trouble and a good cast pre- 

 pared. The figures on plate 37 were drawn from this counterfeit of the type and 

 and give a reliable idea of the species, which most certainly cannot be said of Meek 

 and Worthen's illustration. 



Comparing the species as it is now known with other forms of the genus Endo- 

 desma we find that it is one, and the earliest, of three closely related forms which at 

 first seemed scarcely distinguishable. As usual, however, with such hasty conclu- 

 sions their error soon became manifest when careful comparisons were undertaken, 

 so that now I may say that they are not only separable but with ease even when 

 the specimens are complete. Thus the second of these species the next 

 described, E. undosum is distinguished from Meek and Wortheu's species by its 

 irregularly undulating surface, more distinct growth lines, and uniformly rounded 

 posterior margin. The third species, E. gesneri Billings' sp., is nearer than E. 

 undosum, but as a comparison of figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 on plate 37 will show, there 

 is in this case even little trouble in drawing the specific lines. Meek and Wor- 

 then in distinguishing E. orthonotum from the Canadian species seem to have 

 relied chiefly upon the more central position of the point of greatest convexity 

 in their species, but this difference is much less in the specimen of E. gesneri 

 here illustrated.* We must therefore depend upon other differences among which 

 I find one that seems to be well marked, namely, the anterior extremity of K. 

 gesneri is subangular while in E. orthonotum it is almost regularly rounded. Car- 

 rying our comparison to other points we find that in the latter the upper pos- 







terior edge is more truncated, the dorsal outline somewhat straighter, and the 

 valves on the whole more convex and a little longer. 



I have rejected Worthen's name rectiformis because under Endodesma the 

 specific name orthonotum is not preoccupied as was the case under Modiolopsis. 



In Hillings' figure 45 b (Palicozoic Fossils, vol. 1. p. i:ii thi- jiolnt N >i> far behind the center that I am constrained 

 to believe the figure overdrawn or the specimen abnormal In this respect. 



