1 8 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



staurotide in the older mineralogies. Garnets are also present. This rock has not 

 been seen out of Lisbon and LandafF, and that which lies in Landaff is chiefly garnet- 

 iferous. More labor is required to fix the limits and proper relations of this rock. At 

 almost any outcrop good specimens of staurolite may be obtained in abundance. 



3. Next are Argillaceous Schists, passing into clay slate. This rock differs from clay 

 slate farther west, and receives no color on the map to separate it from the next divi- 

 sion. A line drawn from the south branch of the Ammonoosuc in Lisbon to the 

 east line of Bath shows its western border. It may contain garnets and staurolite, and 

 carries quartz veins worthy of examination for gold. 



4. Lower Schists. These belong to the lower part of the Quebec group. They are 

 chiefly a greenish, unctuous schist, sometimes massive, the same with that usually called 

 " talcose schist." As the unctuous character seems to be derived from the alumina 

 present, we shall often style them aluminous schists. Marked varieties occur over the 

 wide area representing this division, as hornblende and chlorite schist, greenish quartz- 

 ites, sandstones and conglomerates, white quartz, etc. Within it are beds of dolomite, 

 limestone, buhrstone, the copper belt, and veins of iron pyrites. It would seem as if 

 there were an anticlinal axis in the west part of the area of this group, followed by a 

 synclinal in the east. 



5. Clay Slate. This rock is abundant in the central part of the series, and carries 

 the gold veins akin to the Dodge lead. That which lies in Bath is often grayish. Its 

 distribution is quite irregular, and there are several patches of it, apparently outliers, 

 in two of which are slate quarries. The dolomite next the conglomerate is frequently 

 imbedded in this dark slate. In the more northern part of the dolomite, the rock is 

 more schistose. 



6. Auriferous Conglomerate. An immense number of facts of scientific interest in 

 regard to this curious belt have been obtained, but their publication must be deferred. 

 The rock is a clear quartz conglomerate, from ten to one hundred feet wide, extending 

 from the east part of Lyman into Bath. As it can be readily recognized, and resists 

 decomposition, it furnishes an excellent landmark by which one can discover the won- 

 derful foldings, overturns, and dislocations in the strata. Instead of following a straight 

 course, its line of outcrop is sharply tortuous, and a fault has often thrown the rock out 

 of its line, in one case a distance of eleven hundred feet. These variations are shown 

 in-the large manuscript map spoken of above, and on the printed map, as well as the 

 scale will permit, by the red line. That this rock overlies the slate, is shown by the 

 general synclinal character of the country, and its encirclement by the clay slate which 

 both accommodates itself to the very tortuous course in Bath, and dips beneath it on 

 the east, south, and west sides.* That it overlies the lower schists seems proved by the 

 presence in it of pebbles of quartz containing chlorite, jasper, and buhrstone, all of 

 which have been observed exclusively in that member. 



7. Upper Schists. These are partly very light colored, and partly quite siliceous as 



* This view has been modified by later researches. 



