xiv GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WISCONSIN. 



PART IV. 

 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE LEAD REGION. 



BY MOSES STRONG. 



CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL. 



Territory Examined in 1873 Plan of Operations Territory Examined in 1874 Pre- 

 vious Publications and Surveys Survey of G. W. Featherstonhaugh, 1834-35 

 Surveys of Dr. D. D. Owen in 1839 and in 1847-8 Report of E. Daniels, 1854 

 Survey of Prof. J. G. Percival, 1854 to 1856 Report of E. Daniels, 1858 Report 

 of Profs. Hall and Whitney, 1862 Report of Rev. J. Murrish, 1872 Topograph- 

 ical and Geological Maps and Sections Barometrical Observations Information 

 Derived from them Elevations of Towns and other Localities Acknowledg- 

 ments, 645-651 



CHAPTER II. TOPOGRAPHY AND SURFACE GEOLOGY. 

 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTRY Drainage Situation of the Dividing Ridges or 

 Water-sheds Streams Theory of the Formation of the Streams of the Lead Region 



Process of Erosion Formation of the Wisconsin River and its Tributaries Re- 

 suits of the Denudation Diminution of Water in the Lead Region Sinking of 



Streams in Grant County Causes of the Decrease of Water Springs and Wells 



Springs of the West Blue Mound Inorganic Salts Contained in the Water 

 Analysis Prairie and Forest Mounds Sinks Soil and Subsoil Absence of 

 Drift Distribution of the Surface Soil and Rock Peat Brick Clay Drift 

 Gravel Beds Drift Clay Erratic Bowlders of Sandstone, - - 652-667 



CHAPTER III. GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS. 



Potsdam Sandstone Geographical Boundaries Lithological Characteristics Section 

 at Lone Rock Coloring Matter in the Potsdam Hydraulic Shales Localities of 

 Fossils Lower Magnesian Limestone Geographical Boundaries Lithological 

 Characteristics Varying Thickness Localities of Fossils St. Peters Sandstone 

 Geographical Boundaries Lithological Characteristics Terraces Knobs Ripple 

 Marks Varying Thickness Upheavals Concretions Induration on Exposure 



Quarries Trenton Limestone Geographical Boundaries Lithological Char- 

 acteristics Carbonaceous Shale Analyses Section Disappearance of the Blue 

 Limestone Ores Minerals Organic Remains Galena Limestone Geograph- 

 ical Boundaries and Area Lithological Characteristics Flint Building ~S tone 

 Paleontology Cincinnati Group Geographical Boundaries and Area Litholog- 

 ical Characteristics Section Localities of Fossils, ... 668-688 



CHAPTER IV. THE LEAD REGION. 



Boundaries and Area Explanation of Mining Terms Mineralogy Paragenesis of 

 Minerals Pseudomorphs Present Condition of the Mines Section of the Min- 

 ing Openings Beetown District Potosi District Fairplay District Hazel 

 Green District Buncome Diggings New Diggings District Shullsburg Dis- 

 trict Benton District Platteville District Whig Diggings Big Patch Dig- 

 gings Mifflin District Centerville District Blue River Paint Works Highland 

 District Linden District Dodgeville District Porter's Grove Digging? Van 

 Meter's Survey Mineral Point District Diamond Grove Diggings Calamine 

 District Wiota District Monroe District Occurrence of Copper in the Lead 

 Region Statistics of Zinc Ore Statistics of the Production of Lead Ore in the 

 Several Districts for each year since 1861 ; and the Smelting Facilities Concluding 

 Remarks, 689-752 



