GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WISCONSIN. 

 ELEVATION OF SUMMITS, MOUNDS, HIGHLANDS, ETC. 



GOVEKNMENT SURVEYS. It is very generally known that the admi- 

 rable system of surveys into townships, six miles square and sections 

 of one mile square, with their boundary lines running due north and 

 south and due east and west, adopted for the survey of the government 

 lands of the United States, though exceedingly well adapted to the 

 purposes for which it was chiefly intended, that of disposing of these 

 lands, is altogether too crude and inaccurate for any scientific purpose. 

 There are offsets occasioned by the spheroidal shape of the earth, that 

 could not be avoided, but there are also many other irregularities arising 

 from various causes which prevent the construction, from these surveys 

 alone, of an accurate map of the state. Among these causes may be 

 mentioned the necessity, often occurring, for making surveys of public 

 lands to meet the wants of settlement and improvement before the 

 principal or governing lines can be run. Some townships have been 

 resurveyed in a neighboring state, revealing gross irregularities, only 

 to be accounted for by a want of honesty on the part of the surveyor; 

 how many similar cases exist in Wisconsin can only be known when 

 the country becomes fully occupied, and the lines of the public survey 

 retraced. 



While some tiers of sections are double the usual width 1 others are 



In range 9, towns 21 to 30, inclusive. 



