312 GEOLOGY OF EASTERN WISCONSIN. 



shaly layers and partings, closely resembling the upper beds at the Oshkosh quarries, 

 and carrying about the same fossils. 



The more recently opened quarry north of this, so far as developed at the time of my 

 visit, showed a more granular rock, abounding in chert. It is important to note that 

 here, Beceptaculites Oweni, B. lowensis and Murchisonia bellicincta, fossils that charac- 

 terize the Galena horizon, occur, associated with Choetetes lycoperdon, a new species of 

 Chvetetes having a large branching form, Streptelasrna corniculum, Schizocrhnts nodo- 

 sus, a new species of Stictopora, Orthis lynx, 0. testudinaria, 0. disparaUs, 0. pectinella, 

 0. tricenaria, ittrophotnena incrassata, Leptcena sericea, a new species .of Rhynchonella, 

 Baphistoma lenticularis, a Helicotoma, resembUng H. planulata, two species resembling 

 Murchisonia bellicincta, one resembling M. gracilis, and one Uke M. percarinata; a Belle- 

 rophon, a doubtful form of Holopea paludiniformis, and an undetermined Orthoceras. 

 From Appleton to De Pere, the Lower Fox river forms a succession of rapids over 

 the heavier and more resisting ledges of this formation. A description of the beds at 

 Kaukauna will sufficiently indicate the general character of the whole. At that point 

 the layers vary from 6 to 30 inches in thickness, and have a dip of from 1% C to 2 to the 

 S. of E. The rock is of a dull bluish green or gray hue, and is characterized by very thin, 

 shaly partings between some of the layers, and by thin, irregular, argillaceous laminae 

 through the body of the rock, not sufficient however to notably impair its strength or 

 powers of resisting atmospheric influences, since bowlders, that have apparently been ex- 

 posed since the drift period, are still sound. Aside from these laminse, the rock has a 

 crystalline character, impervious, and compact in general, though it contains a few cav- 

 ities, some of which are lined with calcite, and occasionally, pyrite. The beds are ver- 

 tically fissured at intervals, affording facilities for easy quarrying. Some of these fissures 

 are lined with calcite or pyrite. 



These layers contain comparatively few fossils. The most conspicuous and character- 

 istic are Marchisonia bellicincta (major), Lingula quadrata, and Fusispira ventricosa. 

 With these are associated several other species, already mentioned as occurring at Osh- 

 kosh, Neenah and Menasha. At Little Chute, a Climacograptus, nearly allied to C. typ- 

 icalis, occurs, and also north of this, in equivalent strata on Duck creek, but is not known 

 to be found at any other horizon. An analysis shows this rock to be a dolomite, with 

 about 8 per cent of impurities, consisting chiefly of silica, alumina and iron. 



Duck creek, which runs nearly parallel to the Fox river, has also cut away the drift 

 and displayed this formation. At the village of Duck Creek, near its mouth, the mas- 

 sive beds are strikingly similar to those at Kaukauna, both in lithological characters 

 and in organic contents. Murchisonia bellicincta, Fusispira ventricosa and Lingula, 

 quadrata are again the most noteworthy fossils. Farther up the stream, the beds sire 

 more argillaceous and alternate with shaly, very fossiliferous layers, closely resembling 

 those already described. The leading fossils are graptolitic remains. Chcetetes ly coper- 

 don and a large new species of the same genus, Streptelasma corniculum, Pleurocystitcs, 

 Glyptocystites Logani, a Trematopora, Lingula quadrata, and a species resembling L. 

 attenuata, Orthis pectinella, and a new species, Strophomena alternata, S. incrassata ? 

 Rhynclwnella capax, Baphistoma lenticularis, Trochonema umbilicatum, Murchisonia 

 bellicincta and Dalmania callicephala. 



Duck creek, as well as the Fox river, runs along the line of drift movement, but in the 

 opposite direction. The glacier moved up these valleys and planed, polished and 

 grooved the surface of the rock in the most beautiful manner, as may be observed at 

 any favorable locality. In this planing process, the softer portions of the rock were 

 doubtless excavated deepest, leaving the more resisting portions prominent, and these 

 portions form the rapids on these streams, and are the parts chiefly observed. The 

 more shaly portions are not observed at all on the Fox river, and at but few localities 

 on Duck Creek. 



