NIAGARA LIMESTONE. 365 



matrix were of the same material, and blended in solidification. This association here 

 is an important link in the chain of evidence, as we have a precisely similar association 

 with even textured layers, near Milwaukee, which have been heretofore excluded from 

 the Racine group. 



The position of these beds is also to be taken into account. To the northeast, north- 

 west, southwest and southeast, are outcrops of the characteristic granular rock, within 

 from one to four miles, with nothing in the topography to favor any other view than 

 that taken. 



About four miles to the southeast (middle N. line Sec. 29, Granville, Milwaukee 

 county), we find a mound of confused, unstratified rock, having a north and south axis. 

 The rock is dirty buff in color, and soft, granular, arid almost pulverulent in texture. 

 Eighty-five paces to the southeast of this, is a similar, but much smaller, mound, on 

 the north side of which a quarry has been opened in even bedde'd, rather soft and porous 

 dolomite, the layers of which dip into, or under, the mound at an average angle of about 

 4. Penfciieruf> (Gypidula ) multicostata abounds in these layers, and, in the larger 

 mound, is associated with other Niagara fossils. 



Near Milwaukee there are three mounds or ridges of rock that have attracted much 

 attention, and which seem to be regarded as exceptional phenomena, but which, I think, 

 in the light of preceding and subsequent facts, should cease to be so regarded. One of 

 jji . these, known as Moody 's quarry, is located in 



the Fourth ward of the city of Milwaukee, in 

 the side of the bluff facing the Menomonee 

 river. Another is situated in the grounds of 

 the National Military Asylum, and the chief 

 and most noted at the station Raphu, near 

 Wanwatosa, and commonly referred to the 

 SQOWING THE STRATIFICATION AT MOODY'S ] a tte r locality in the literature of the subject. 



The distance from the first to the second, on an 



air line, is 2^ miles; from the second to the third, a little more than two miles, and 

 from the first to the third, less than 3j^ miles. Lines joining them thus would form an 

 obtuse-angled triangle. Within this triangle are two quarries of regularly bedded, 

 horizontal limestone. One of these, Storey's quarry, is about two-thirds of a rnilu 

 northeast of the outcrop in the Asylum grounds, and the other, about the same distance 

 from the Raphu or Wauwatosa mound. Only a few rods west of the last, there are sim- 

 ilar horizantal beds, having a very close relationship to the mound. These mounds are 

 similar in character. The most striking peculiarity, aside from their external form and 

 stratigraphical relations, is the great irregularity of their structure. The stratification 

 is obscure, and sometimes apparently wanting. The rock has an irregular texture and 

 varying, but frequently glassy, fracture, and contains many cavities of varying size and 

 very irregular form. These are sometimes drusy with crystals, sometimes coated with 

 stalagmite, or, again, filled with pulverulent material. The color is also varying, but usu- 

 ally bluish or yellowish. In composition, it is nearly a pure dolomite, and that from 

 Schoonmaker's quarry is used successfully as a flux for iron at the Bay View furnaces. 



As the quarries near Wanwatosa furnish the best exposures, are the most fossilifer- 

 ous, and have been the subject of most discussion, it is desirable that we should enter 

 somewhat into particulars in reference to this interesting locality. If we place ourselves 

 at the extreme western exposure, known as Busack's quarry (see Fig.), we shall find a 

 section showing heavy, well defined, nearly horizontal, slightly argillaceous beds, of a 

 rather fine, uniform, compact grain, medium hardness, smooth conchoidal fracture, and 

 bluish gray color. Interstratified with these? are layers having the lumpy nature pre- 

 viously described as occurring in Sec. 36, Germantown. The layers dip eastward to 

 about the middle of the quarry, from which they rise, but not uniformly, for at this 



