ammata. 



330 GIORDANO BRUNO PART 



every kind/' l In Bruno the same distinction is drawn, 

 but it is made also within human knowledge, the intui- 

 tive knowledge of the heroic mind being the same 

 in kind as that of the higher intelligences, and only 

 different from that of God in that it does not create 

 what it intuites. So the scholastic distinction of natura 

 naturans as the form or immanent principle of things, 

 and natura naturata as the sum of things actually 

 existing, the outward expression in matter of the activity 

 of the form a distinction which, in Bruno, is tran- 

 scended by the identification of one with the other, as 

 two aspects of a higher unity also reappears in Bacon's 

 theory of form. However different the " form " of 

 Bacon may have seemed to himself from the scholastic 

 " form," it is still the immanent cause of the properties 

 of the body to which it belongs, or in which it adheres, 

 and as such is actually named by Bacon the natura 

 naturans? So with Bacon, as with Bruno, Campanella, 

 and Telesius, all things are endowed with life, with 

 sensation, with soul, which is the inward principle of 

 their external movements. He ridiculed Gilbert, who 

 first suggested a scientific explanation of magnetism 

 and electricity, and put forward on his own account as 

 a theory of electrical attraction that " friction excites 

 the appetite of bodies for contact, which appetite does 

 not like air much, but prefers something else which is 

 tangible." The phenomena of chemical affinity and 

 the like were also explained, precisely as Campanella 

 or Cardan would account for them, by the delight in 

 mutual contact, i.e. by an inherent sensibility, and desire 

 or striving of like towards like. 3 In both Bacon and 



1 Nov. Org. ii. 15. It was a scholastic distinction ; E. and S. illustrate it from 

 Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologiae, I ma , q. 45 (E. and S. i. p. 259). 



2 Ib. ii. I. 



3 E.g. ib. \. 66, where are added " the appetite a thing has to return to iti 



