FRUITS 69 



158. The nut also resembles an achene, but is derived from 

 a pericarp consisting of more than one carpel. 



159. A samara is an indehiscent fruit with winged appendages. 



1 60. A schizocarp is a compound fruit which splits when 

 ripe into two or more parts, each resembling an achene. 



161. A follicle is a dry fruit derived from a simple pistil and 

 opens when ripe by splitting down one side. 



162. A legume, or pod, is like the follicle, except that it splits 

 down both sides of the carpel. 



163. A capsule is a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a com- 

 pound pistil and opens by splitting down the side, by separating 

 a lid from the top, by opening of small pores or otherwise. 



164. Aggregate fruits are those which are made up of the 

 numerous distinct carpels of a single flower adhering together 

 to form a single mass, or sometimes held together by the 

 receptacle. 



165. Multiple fruits are composed of the combined carpels 

 and coherent parts of a number of flowers held together by 

 the common receptacle. The common receptacle may be 

 either convex or concave, in the latter case enclosing the 

 carpels. 



Seed Distribution 



1 66. All the elaborate adaptations of the plant contribute 

 directly to the one end that seed may be produced from which 

 a new generation of the species may proceed. However, to 

 produce mature seed is not of itself a guarantee that from that 

 seed a new plant will spring. The seed must be brought to a 

 spot where the conditions are favorable for its germination and 

 development. But because of constantly changing conditions 

 this is frequently not the case at the place where the seed was 

 brought to maturity. The seeds must be scattered abroad in 

 order that some may by chance fall upon good ground. 



167. Some seeds are so small and light that they are readily 



