304 CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS 



662. The Carnivora are flesh-eating mammals with a characteristic 

 dentition. The clavicle is rudimentary or wanting. The toes are clawed. 



663. Sub-order Fissipedia. Terrestrial carnivores with molar teeth 

 unlike. Canidae; dogs, wolves (digitigrade). Ursidae; bears, (planti- 

 grade). Procyonidae; raccoon, (plantigrade). Mustelidae; weasel, ferret, 

 mink, pole cat. Viverridae; civet cat (ichneumon). Hyasnidae; hyaena. 

 Felidae; cats, lions, tigers, leopards, panther. 



664. Sub-order Pinnipedia. Aquatic carnivores with webbed feet and 

 molar teeth alike. Anterior and posterior appendages well developed. 

 Otters, walrus, seals. 



665. The Cetacea are aquatic mammals with anterior appendages in 

 form of paddles, the posterior ones only represented by internal rudiments. 

 There is a broad horizontal tail fin. In the baleen whale the teeth are 

 wanting; a curtain of fringed horny plates suspended from the roof of the 

 mouth acts as a strainer to collect the food. Whales, narwhal, dolphins. 



666. The Ungulata have broad toes covered with a horny hoof. Sub- 

 order Proboscidia; elephants, 5 toes, thick skin, long proboscis. Sub- 

 order Perissodactyla ; number of toes odd. Tapir, 4 toes on anterior 

 appendages, 3 on the posterior. Rhinoceros, 3 toes. Horse, i toe. Sub- 

 order Artiodactyla, even number of toes. Section i. Non-ruminants: 

 Hippopotamus, 4 toes; swine, 2 long, 2 short toes. Section 2. Ruminants: 

 Tribe i. Tylopoda; camel, dromedary, llama, toes 2, no horns or antlers. 

 Tribe 2. Traguloidea; toes 2 long, 2 short (small, hornless, deer-like 

 animals of West Africa). Tribe 3. Pecora; usually with horns or antlers, 

 toes 2 long, 2 rudimentary. Deer family with antlers. Cattle family 

 with horns; antilope, buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep. Giraffe family with 

 two toes, horns covered with skin. 



Order Ungulata: 



Sub-order i. Condylarthea. Phenacodus, extinct. 

 Sub-order 2. Hyracoidea. Hyrax the coneys of Africa and Ara- 

 bia. 



Sub-order 3. Proboscidea. Elephants. 



Sub-order 4. Perissodactyla (odd-toed). Tapirs, rhinoceros, horse. 

 Sub-order 5. Artiodactyla (even-toed). 



Section i. Non-ruminantia. Hippopotamus, swine. 

 Section 2. Ruminantia: 

 Tribe i. Tylopoda. 

 Tribe 2. Traguloidea. 

 Tribe 3. Pecora. 



