portion added as before. In two days the mass of fungi was raised 

 in little pyramids, which gradually increased in height, so as nearly 

 to fill the phial, and occupied the cells of the mass of ice. A thaw 

 now continued for some time, and the fungi fell to the bottom of the 

 water in the phial, where they occupied about double their original 

 bulk, having sustained an increase to that amount during their vege- 

 tation in the ice and snow. 



In water these fungi appear also perceptible of vegetation, but 

 they produce new fungi of a green instead of a red colour. By ex- 

 posure to excessive cold the primitive fungi are killed, but their seed 

 still retains vitality, and if immersed in snow regenerates new fungi, 

 generally of a red colour. The author thinks that snow is undoubt- 

 edly the native soil of these fungi. 



This paper is illustrated by a drawing, showing the original ap- 

 pearance of the fungi in the snow water from Baffin's Bay, and their 

 gradual increase in the phials, as described in this abstract. 



Some Account of the Dvgong. By Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, 

 Governor of Sumatra. Communicated in a Letter to Sir Everard 

 Home, Bart. V.P.R.S. Read May 18, 1820. [Phil. Trans. 1820, 

 p. 174.] 



The form of the Dugong resembles that of the common Cetacea. 

 The skin is smooth and thick, with a few scattered hairs, and the 

 head small in proportion, with two short tusks projecting from the 

 extremity of the upper jaw. The place of the incisors is substituted 

 by the rough bristly surfaces of the palate and jaws, which enable 

 the animal to browse upon marine vegetables. There are twelve 

 cylindrical molares, with flat crowns. The aperture of the ears is 

 remarkably small. There are no dorsal or ventral fins; but the place 

 of the anterior extremities is supplied by fins, which, however, are 

 not capable of supporting the animal when out of water. 



Upon dissection, the skin was found three quarters of an inch 

 thick. The stomach has two appendages opening into it, near the 

 junction of the duodenum; the intestinal canal is long; the liver 

 has two large and two smaller lobes, one of which is tongue-shaped 

 and covers the gall-bladder ; the kidneys are large, and the urinary 

 bladder probably capable of considerable distention; the testicles 

 are placed a little below the kidneys ; the urethra opens in a small 

 tubercle between the two lobes of the glans penis. 



In the thorax the thymus gland is large, black, and friable ; the 

 lungs not lobulated ; and the ventricles of the heart, being separated 

 at their points, give it a double appearance. 



In regard to the skeleton, the head is remarkable for the manner 

 in which the anterior part of the upper jaw bends downwards, the 

 lower jaw being proportionally truncated. There are fifty-two ver- 

 tebrae, eighteen ribs on each side, and the sternum is bifurcate at the 

 apex, and articulated to the cartilages of the upper ribs. There is 

 no pelvis nor posterior extremities, but opposite the eighth or tenth 



VOL. II. K 



