153 



these two species are totally different, which shows, says the author, 

 how inefficient a mode of classing animals is furnished by the ap- 

 pearance of the teeth. 



On a New Compound of Chlorine and Carbon. By Richard Phillips, 

 F.R.S.E. F.L.S. M.G.S. #e. and Michael Faraday, Chemical As- 

 sistant in the Royal Institution. Communicated by Sir Humphry 

 Davy, Bart. P.R.S. Read July 12, 1821. [Phil. Trans. 1821, 

 p. 392.] 



The above substance was discovered by M. Julien, of Abo, in 

 Finland, amongst the products arising out of the distillation of cal- 

 cined sulphate of iron, with crude nitre in iron retorts. It forms 

 white acicular crystals by sublimation, and when passed through a 

 green glass tube containing red-hot rock crystal, it is decomposed 

 with the deposition of charcoal and evolution of chlorine. It is not 

 altered by repeated sublimations in chlorine. It was analysed by 

 passing its vapour over red-hot oxide of copper, by which chloride 

 of copper and carbonic acid gas were produced : the former was de- 

 composed by nitrate of silver, and the proportion of chlorine esti- 

 mated by that of chloride of silver formed. From this and other 

 experiments, the authors conclude that this substance consists of one 

 portion of chlorine and two of carbon : they failed in their endea- 

 vours to convert it into either of the other chlorides of carbon, to 

 which, in its physical and chemical properties, it bears however a 

 considerable resemblance. 



On the Nerves ; giving an Account of some Experiments on their 

 Structure and Functions, which lead to a new Arrangement of the 

 System. By Charles Bell, Esq. Communicated by Sir Humphry 

 Davy, Bart. P.R.S. Read July 12, 1821. IPhil. Trans. 1821, 

 p. 398.] 



In this paper the author proposes to limit his inquiry to the 

 nerves of respiration, comprehending under that term all the nerves 

 which serve to combine the muscles employed in the act of breathing 

 and of speaking ; and after showing that the simplicity or com- 

 plexity of the nerves are as the functions or organizations of the 

 parts which they supply, and that, however numerous and complex 

 they appear in some parts of the body, they may nevertheless be 

 divided into two distinct classes, by ascertaining what parts are ne- 

 cessary to life and motion, and what are superadded as requisite to 

 higher and more complex enjoyments and actions ; the former class 

 comprehending the nerves of the spine, the suboccipital or tenth, 

 and the trigeminus or fifth ; and the latter the eighth pair, the por- 

 tio dura of the seventh, the spinal accessory, the phrenic, the exter- 

 nal respiratory, and the lingual ; Mr. Bell proceeds to a detailed 

 account of these nerves, showing, by an examination of the nerves 

 of the face, that the two sets differ in structure and sensibility as 



