165 



Observations for ascertaining the Length of the Pendulum at Madras 

 in_the East Indies, Latitude 13 4' 9"'l N.; with the Conclusions 

 drawn from the same. By John Goldingham, Esq. F.R.S. Read 

 January 31, 1822. [Phil. Trans. 1822, p. 127.] 



The observations detailed in this paper are comprised in two se- 

 ries. By the result of the first, the pendulum of experiment, which 

 was constructed upon the same principles as that used hy Captain 

 Kater, and described in the Philosophical Transactions for 1819, was 

 found to make 86166,108 vibrations in twenty-four hours, and by the 

 result of the second series, 86166,048, the mean being 86166,078; 

 so that the result of each series differs from the mean only-H^th of 

 a beat in twenty-four hours. 



The length of the seconds pendulum at Madras, deduced as the 

 mean of these two series of observations, is 39 '026302 inches of Sir 

 George Shuckburgh's scale, at the temperature of 70 in vacuo, and 

 at the level of the sea. 



By comparing this with the length of the pendulum vibrating se- 

 conds in London, we obtain -rg-f -TTT as the ellipticity of the earth, 

 which is very nearly the mean deduced from the observations of Cap- 

 tain Kater in England, and those of the French mathematicians. 



Account of an Assemblage of Fossil Teeth and Bones of Elephant, 

 Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Bear, Tiger, and Hytena, and sixteen 

 other Animals ; discovered in a Cave at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, in the 

 year 1821 : with a comparative View of five similar Caverns in va* 

 rious Parts of England, and others on the Continent. By the Rev, 

 William Buckland, F.R.S. F.L.S. Vice President of the Geological 

 Society of London, and Professor of Mineralogy and Geology in the 

 University of Oxford, S(C. %c. 8<c. Read February 21,1822. [Phil. 

 Trans. 1822, p. 171.] 



The rock in which the cavern, mentioned in the title of this paper, 

 is formed, is that species of limestone called Oolite. Its greatest 

 length is from 250 to 300 feet, and its breadth and height vary from 

 two to seven feet, there being few places in which it is possible to 

 stand upright. Its bottom was covered by a sediment of mud, and 

 the roof and sides, as well as the surface of the mud, were incrusted 

 by stalactitic matter. The animal remains were found, not upon the 

 surface, but in the lower part only of this muddy deposit, and in the 

 stalagmitic accumulations beneath it, and were thus remarkably pre- 

 served from decay. The teeth and bones hitherto discovered are 

 those of the hyaena, fox, bear, of an animal of the tiger kind, of the 

 elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and horse, of the ox and some 

 species of deer, of the water rat and the rabbit. They were strewed 

 promiscuously over the bottom of the cave ; the bones, with very few 

 exceptions, being broken and apparently gnawed : for upon many of 

 them marks were detected fitting the form of the canine teeth of the 

 hyaenas that were found there : whence it appears probable that this- 



