The following paper was read by Henry Hicks : 



Plants from East Asia and Western Europe on 

 Long Island. 



BY HENRY HICKS, Westbury, L. /., N. Y. 



Foreign plants will succeed best in the vicinity of New 

 York City if from regions of equal or greater annual variation 

 of temperature and a similar January mean temperature or iso- 

 therm. They should also be from a region subject to moderate 

 drought, but not from a desert region. 



The January average of New York City is about 30 F. ; 

 the July average 70 ; the annual range is therefore 40. 



The countries where these two lines pass are northern 

 Japan, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, southern Russia, Aus- 

 tria and eastern Germany. These two lines cross here and in 

 northern Japan and plants from there thrive best here. 



In Colorado and Korea the line of 30 January average is 

 crossed by 50 equal annual range, and conifers from there 

 and northeast China are not injured by our extremely 

 severe winters even when our native conifers are injured, be- 

 cause they are accustomed to a more severe or widely and sud- 

 denly variable climate than our natives. The Colorado coni- 

 fers are subjected to a more brilliant winter sun than ours, there- 

 fore they show no damage from the winter sun which burns our 

 pines, hemlocks and arbor vitae. The Colorado conifers are ac- 

 customed to a more severe, dr winter wind when the frozen 

 ground does not supply moisture, therefore they are not killed 

 back as occasionally happens with the hemlock, red cedar, white 

 pine and arbor vitae. But in a hot June the tips of the new 

 growth of the Colorado evergreens is killed. This trouble I 

 have not seen described. It does not affect the conifers of 

 Korea and Manchuria and northern Japan, and they are the 

 best foreign conifers. 



Evergreens from the Caucasus, from the Taurus Moun- 



