WESTERN RED HILLS. 31 



smaller streams are clear much of the time, and usually 

 bordered by strips of swamp of varying width. 



The remarks on climate in the chapter on the post oak 

 flatwoods will apply pretty well to this region also. The 

 amount of summer rain increases a little toward the south- 

 east, but fall is still the driest season. 



VEGETATION. 



The forests are mostly mixed pine and hardwoods, as in 

 many other parts of the South. Some of the extreme types 

 are rather open forests of long-leaf pine on the high Buhr- 

 stone ridges, the usual bottom-land hardwoods on the rich 

 flood-plains, and cedar, walnut, redbud, and other supposed 

 lime-loving trees on and around the limestone outcrops. 

 About 65 per cent of the area is wooded at the present time. 



The commonest woody plants are about as follows : 



Commonest woody plants of western red hills (including the Buhr- 

 stone mountains and the lime hills). 



TIMBER TREES. 



Pinus Taeda ..Short-leaf pine Various situations. 



Pinus echinata Short-leaf pine Uplands. 



Pinus palustris Long-leaf pine Ridges and poor soils. 



Liquidambar Styraci- 



flua Sweet gum ....Various situations. 



Pinus glabra Spruce pine l.Hammocks, etc. 



Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia Hammocks and bluffs. 



Fagus grandif olia _ Beech Ravines and .bluffs. 



Liriodendron Tulipif era. Poplar Ravines and branches. 



Quercus alba White oak Ravines and bluffs. 



Quercus nigra Water oak Low grounds mostly. 



Quercus falcata Red oak Uplands. 



Quercus Marylandica Black-jack oak Dry ridges. 



Acer rubrum Red maple Branch-swamps. 



Nyssa biflora Black gum Branch-swamps, etc. 



Quercus laurifolia _ Hammocks. 



Quercus stellata Post oak _ Dry uplands. 



Quercus Michauxii Swamp chestnut oak ...Bottoms. 



Tilia heterophylla ? Lin Rich woods. 



Juniperus Virginiana Cedar Limestone otucrops. 



Populus deltoides Cottonwood _ River-banks. 



Platanus occidentalis Sycamore River-banks. 



Nyssa sylvatica _ Black gum _ Rich woods. 



Fraxinus Americana Ash _...._ Rich woods. 



Taxodium distichum Cypress Swamps and sloughs. 



Betula nigra Birch _ _ Along rivers and 



creeks. 



Ulmus alata Elm Rich woods. 



Quercus Phellos Willow oak ^Bottoms, etc. 



Hicoria alba Hickory Rich woods. 



