CONTENTS 



INTRODUCTION 



AUTHOR'S PREFACE . . 



FIRST 

 WORKS ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 



CHAPTER PAGE 



I. THE PREDECESSORS OF PASTEUR: HAUY, WEISS, DELAFOSSE 1 



II. BIOT AND J. HERSCHEL 7 



III. PASTEUR: THE TARTRATES 12 



IV. THE PARATARTRATES 16 



V. ASPARTATES AND MALATES 20 



VI. MOLECULAR DISSYMMETRY 23 



VII. DISSYMMETRY OF CELLULAR LIFE 28 



VIII. SUBSTANCES INACTIVE THROUGH Loss OF DISSYMMETRY 32 



IX. COMBINATIONS BETWEEN ACTIVE MOLECULES 39 



X. MEANS OF SEPARATING THE RIGHT- AND LEFT-HANDED 



SUBSTANCES 43 



XI. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS . . .46 



SECOND PART 

 LACTIC AND ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATIONS 



I. THE KNOWLEDGE OF FERMENTATIONS BEFORE LAVOISIER 51 



II. FROM LAVOISIER TO GAY-LUSSAC 56 



III. CAGNIARD-LATOUR, SCHWANN, HELMHOLTZ 59 



IV. LIEBIG 64 



V. PASTEUR : LACTIC FERMENTATION 67 



VI. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION , 73 



VII. AEROBIC LIFE AND ANAEROBIC LIFE . . 79 



i 



