THE PATH OF EVOLUTION 



the human intellect ; third, " Universale in re," hav- 

 ing this or that as its subject ; in other words, the 

 substance.* Having thus defined what the substance 

 was in reality, they left it without further study. 

 Such postulates constituted the "physics" of the 

 Scholastics, but to us are metaphysics only. 



The downfall of Scholasticism came with the intro- 

 duction of printing ; but many of the doctrines of its 

 philosophy long survived it. To study the nature 

 of material things by actual handling and experi- 

 mental investigation was considered unworthy and 



* II y a trois maniere de considerer 1'universel : (premierement il 

 est pris en lui-meme c'est-a-dire corame etant cette nature simple 

 et invariable qui donne la raison et le nom de 1'etre : (Universal 

 ante rem) ; Secondment, comme etant dans 1'intellect: (Universale 

 post rem :) troisiement comme ayant pour sujet, ceci ou cela (Uni- 

 yersale in re.) Histoire de la philo.; Scholas., T. 2, P. 232. 



Haureau states: "The ancients recognized three kinds of forms: 

 1st, the forms which are before the things, and which are the models 

 of all existing things; 2d, the forms which are in the things, and 

 which communicate to them that which is their manner of being 

 ' universelles ' in the sense that they belong to many ; ' individuelles ' 

 in the sense that they particularize themselves in the bosom of 

 things of limited number; 3d, the forms that are after things: that 

 is, the" forms which transmitted to human intelligence by the divine, 

 or which recurred without the concurrence of the divine, hold their 

 universality from one or by the other. 



The first of these forms are the principles of things. The second 

 are the essences of things. The third are the marks of things. Ibid, 

 T. 2, P. 233. 



Albertus,f though an Aristotelian, was eclectic in his treatment 

 of the realistic and nominalistic views. The reader is referred to an 

 exhaustive discussion thereon. See Albert Le Grand, T. 2, P. 215- 

 307. Haureau, Scho. Philo. 



f De proedicabilibus. Tract 11, c. Ill 



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