122 PRINCIPLES OF BACTERIOLOGY 



paved yards should be cleaned, scrubbed, and, if necessary, washed 

 with the bichloride solution. Street gutters and drains should be cleaned 

 and, when necessary, sprinkled with chloride of lime or washed with 

 milk of lime. 



6. Air-shafts. Air-shafts should be first cleaned thoroughly and then 

 whitewashed. To prevent tenants throwing garbage down air-shafts 

 it is sometimes advisable to put wire netting outside of windows open- 

 ing on shafts. Concrete or asphalt bottoms of shafts should be cleaned 

 and washed with the bichloride solution or sprinkled with chloride of 

 lime. 



7. Hydrant sinks, garbage receptacles, and garbage and oyster-shell 

 chutes and receptacles should be cleaned daily and sprinkled with dry 

 chloride of lime. 



8. Refrigerators and the surfaces around and beneath them, dumb- 

 waiters, etc., may be cleaned by scrubbing them with the hot soapsuds 

 solution. 



9. Traps. All traps should be flushed daily with an abundance of 

 water. If at any time they become foul they may be cleaned by pouring 

 considerable quantities of the hot strong soda solution into them, fol- 

 lowed by the carbolic solution. 



10. Urinals and the floors around and beneath them should be cleaned 

 twice daily with the hot soapsuds solution, and in addition to this, if 

 offensive, they may be disinfected with the carbolic solution. 



11. Stable Floors and Manure Vaults. Stable floors should be kept 

 clean and occasionally washed with the hot soapsuds or the hot strong 

 soda solution. Powdered fresh chloride of lime or formalin may be 

 used in manure vaults. 



12. Vacant rooms should be frequently aired. 



13. The woodwork in school-houses should be scrubbed weekly with hot 

 soapsuds. This refers to floors, doors, door-handles, and all woodwork 

 touched by the scholars' hands. 



14. Spittoons in all public places should be emptied daily and washed 

 with the hot soapsuds solution, after which a small quantity of the car- 

 bolic solution or milk of lime should be put in the vessel to receive the 

 expectoration. 



15. Cars, Ferry-boats, and Public Conveyances. The floors, door- 

 handles, railings, and all parts touched by the hands of passengers 

 should be washed frequently with the hot soapsuds solution. Slat-mats 

 from cars, etc., should be cleaned by scrubbing with a stiff brush in 

 the hot soapsuds solution. 



Telephone receiver mouth-pieces should also be frequently cleansed. 



Use of Bromine Solution as a Deodorant. Slaughter-houses, butchers' 

 ice-boxes and wagons, trenches, excavations, stable floors, manure-vaults, 

 dead animals, offal, offal docks, etc., may be deodorized by a weak solu- 

 tion of bromine, which is a valuable agent for this purpose. The bromine 

 solution, however, is only temporary in its action, and must be used 

 repeatedly. It should be applied by sprinkling. Although somewhat 

 corrosive in its action on metals, it is otherwise harmless. 



