412 BACTERIA PATHOGENIC TO MAN 



hour. Sometimes, however, the highest point is not reached until 

 fifteen or eighteen hours after the injection. This elevation of 

 temperature is from 1.5 to 2 C. (2 to 3.5 F.), above the normal 

 mean temperature. In a healthy animal the rise of temperature, as a 

 rule, amounts to only a few tenths of a degree, but it may reach 1 C. 

 The rise of temperature, however, should be considered always in 

 connection with the general and local reactions. In a glanderous 

 animal, after an injection of mallein, the general condition is more or 

 less profoundly modified. The animal has a dejected appearance; 

 the countenance is pinched and anxious, the hair is rough, the flank is 

 retracted, the respirations are rapid, there are often rigors, and the 

 appetite is gone. In healthy animals the general symptoms do not 

 occur. The local reaction around the point of injection in a glanderous 

 animal is usually very marked. A few hours after the injection there 

 appears a large, warm, tense, and very painful swelling, and running 

 from this will be seen hot, sensitive lines of sinuous lymphatics, directed 

 toward the neighboring lymphatic nodes. This oedema increases for 

 twenty-four to thirty-six hours and persists for several days, not dis- 

 appearing entirely for eight or ten days. In healthy animals, at the 

 point of injection, mallein produces only a small oedematous tumor, and 

 the oedema, instead of increasing, diminishes rapidly and disappears 

 within twenty-four hours. The value of this test has been demon- 

 strated by numerous experiments. There are some exceptions to the 

 rule as described above, but they are infrequent, and mallein has been 

 used with considerable success as a diagnostic aid in detecting the 

 existence or absence of glanders in doubtful or obscure cases. 



