THE PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND YEASTS 441 



lire to a certain similarity between the yeasts and the cell inclusions 

 or so-called "parasites" of cancer, and, further, to the fact that when 

 yeasts are injected into the animal body tumor-like nodules are often 

 developed at the site of inoculation and in the internal organs. But 

 these nodules are not tumors in the pathological sense of the term, 

 but merely masses of blastomycetes mixed with inflammatory tissue 

 proliferations to a very variable degree. At the present time Sanfelice 

 and his pupils are perhaps the only ones who regard the thickenings 

 produced in the tissues by Saccharomyces neoformans as true tumors. 

 His work, however, is not at all convincing. 



Diseases in which the Micro-organisms Exciting them are as 



yet Undetected. 



Measles. Many bacteria as well as bodies supposed to be protozoa 

 have been described by various investigators as occurring on the mucous 

 membranes or in the blood of those sick of measles. None of these 

 have been established as the exciting factor. Hektoen has recently 

 transferred blood from a case of measles to two individuals and so 

 communicated the disease. 



Scarlet Fever. Both streptococci and protozoa have been described 

 as the exciting factors in this disease, as already previously mentioned. 

 The streptococci are certainly present, but are looked upon by most as 

 secondary invaders. They undoubtedly add greatly to the gravity of 

 the disease. The bodies described by Mallory as protozoa are still 

 under investigation. Serum treatment has been used to overcome the 

 streptococcus infection. The best results have been obtained in Vienna, 

 and by Moser. He uses a serum obtained from horses receiving multiple 

 cultures from cases of scarlet fever. Only about one horse in three gives 

 a curative serum. The doses used are very large (100 to 200 c.c.). The 

 results claimed are very striking. 



Typhus Fever. Nothing has as yet been determined concerning 

 the micro-organisms exciting this disease. 



Smallpox. Streptococci as secondary invaders add here, as in scarlet 

 fever, a dangerous infection. The status of protozoa is described fully 

 under the section on Protozoa. 



Syphilis. The bacilli described by Lustgarten and others are now 

 no longer considered as a factor. Schaudinn's recent discovery of 

 spirochsete is considered under the protozoa. 



Rabies (Hydrophobia). No bacteria have been discovered that 

 are considered as factors. The possibility of the negri bodies being 

 protozoa and the exciting factor is considered under Protozoa. 



Whooping-cough. Jochmann and Krause, in Germany, and Woll- 

 stein, in this country, have shown that bacilli differing slightly in cul- 

 tural reactions and in agglutination from typical influenza bacilli can 

 be detected in practically all cases of whooping-cough during the acute 

 stages. Wollstein proved that the blood of cases of whooping-cough 

 agglutinated these bacilli frequently in dilutions of 1:200 and over. 



