SPECIAL CULTTTEE. 



149 



Fig. 21. GROWTH DUKING 

 SUMMER. 



tion than the upper ones ; for if each have the same in- 

 clination, the flow of the sap to the upper ones will be 

 much greater than to the lower ones, hence they will grow 

 rapidly, but at the expense of the others. Now, by bend- 

 ing the upper ones down to an angle of about thirty or 

 thirty-five degrees, while we allow the lower ones to stand 



at forty-five or fifty, the de- 

 sired result is attained. The 

 training of the branches 

 should commence as soon as 

 they are eighteen or twenty 

 inches long. A young tree, 

 properly started, will present 

 the form given in fig. 21, about 

 the first of July after planting. The upper and lower 

 branches cross each other, and this is likely to be the case 

 while training, but it is not to be the permanent position. 

 When the tree becomes complete, and has acquired a fixed 

 habit, the branches will resume their natural and relative 

 position, as in figure 22. 



*And if, while in training, difference in growth should 

 require it, the inclination will 

 have to be changed by rais- 

 ing or lowering the branches, 

 so as to maintain an equal 

 flow of sap to each, and a con- 

 sequent uniformity of size. 

 All buds showing themselves 

 on the main stem are to be 

 rubbed off as soon as they ap- 



, , , , / * Fig. 22. END OF FIRST TEAR. 



pear ; and should any of the 



shoots become forked or deformed, they should be imme- 

 diately pruned so as to correct the fault. In case of a 

 fork, this may be done by cutting off the less of the two 

 prongs ; in case of a crook, bruise, or knot, the best way 

 is to cut off the faulty part just above a thrifty twig, or 



