EXPLANATION OF SIGNS, &c. 



Under the titles of the orders are given signs, intended to show at a glance the general habit of 

 the trees or shrubs described in each order. These signs represent large, small, and middle-sized 

 plants, and are as follows ; the first sign in each row indicating a deciduous tree or shrub, the next 

 an evergreen, and so on alternately : 



t-\f. I &^_ 



1. Round-headed trees ; such as the oak, 

 ash, elm, beech, chestnut, &c. De- 

 ciduous and evergreen. 



2. & 3. Spiry-topped or conical trees ; 

 such as the spruce fir, silver fir, larch, 

 pine, deciduous cypress, &c. Deciduous 

 and evergreen. 



4. Fastigiate trees ; such as the Lombardy 

 poplar, evergreen cypress, pyramidal 

 oak, &c. Deciduous and evergreen. 



5 Drooping trees ; such as the weeping 

 willow, weeping elm, &c. 



6 Shrubs of the largest size, and also 

 middle-sized shrubs. Deciduous and 

 evergreen, but exclusive of twiners, 

 climbers, trailers, &c. 



7. Under-shrubs, or shrubs of the smallest 

 size. Deciduous and evergreen, but ex- 

 clusive of twiners, trailers, &c. 



8. Twining shrubs ; such as the honey- 

 suckle, aristolochia, &c. Deciduous and 

 evergreen. 



9. Climbing shrubs ; such as the clematis, 

 ampelopsis, vine, &c. Deciduous and 

 evergreen. 



10. Trailing shrubs, the branches of which 

 lie prostrate on the ground, but dp not 

 root into it; such as many species of 

 willow, Cytisus, &c. 



11. Creeping shrubs, or such as send up 

 shoots from their creeping roots ; as 

 many species of Spirae'a, &c. 



The signs put before each individual species and variety are the same as those used in the 

 Gardener's Magazine, and in the Hortus Britannicus, viz. 



$ Deciduous tree. _ Evergreen uuder-shrub. -* Deciduous trailer, 



jj Evergreen tree. _$ Deciduous twiner. *~ Evergreen trailer. 



& Deciduous shrub. g. Evergreen twiner. ^ Deciduous creeper. 



Evergreen shrub. _ Deciduous climber. jj. Evergreen creeper. 

 jot Deciduous uuder-shrub. g_ Evergreen climber. 



ACCENTUATIONS AND INDICATIONS. 



All the botanic names throughout the Work are accented, and have their origin indicated, as in 

 the Hortus Britannicus and the Gardener's Magazine. The vowels which are sounded short are 

 marked with an acute accent, thus ('), as A'ceras ; and those which are sounded long are marked 

 with a grave accent, thus ( v ), as A v brus. The origin of each name is indicated thus : if the name 

 has been applied to a plant by the ancients, the first letter is in Italic, as Pinus ; if it is comme- 

 morative of some individual, the letters additional to the name are in Italic, as Banks/a, Lam- 

 bert/awa, Douglas?'/; and if an aboriginal name has been adopted, or if the name is of uncertain 

 derivation, the whole word is in Italic, as, Aildnius, Caragdna, &c. Where the name would otherwise 

 be in Italic, as in the case of synonymes, headings to paragraphs, &c., these distinctions are. ol 

 course, reversed, as finus, Banksiz, Ailantus. All the other scientific names, generic or specific, are 

 composed from the Greek or Latin, except a very few which are taken from places : as Araucaria, 

 from the country of the Araucanians ; Quercus gramuntia, from the estate of Grammont, &c. 



THE ENGRAVED FIGURES 



Are all to the same scale of 2 in. to 1 ft., or one sixth of the natural size ; with the exception of 

 details, which, when given, are generally of the natural size, and indicated by a cross, thus, +. 



