XXII. SHAMNACEJE: RHA MNUS. 



177 



Spec. Char., $c. Erect. Leaves oval-oblong, almost entire, smooth. Umbels 

 stalked. Flowers hermaphrodite. Berries globose. (Don's Mill.) A 

 deciduous shrub or tree. North Carolina to Florida, on the banks of 

 rivers. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft., sometimes a tree 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced 

 in 1819. Flowers greenish; May and June. Berries black; ripe in 

 September. 



In America this species, though usually a shrub in North Carolina, is in 

 Georgia a considerable tree. Leaves 3 in. to 6 in. long, and 1 in. to 2 in. wide ; 

 sometimes acuminate, irregularly serrated ; sometimes the margin is waved. 

 Fruit as large as a small pea, mostly 3-seeded. (Tor. and Gray.) 



& t 15. R. FRA'NGULA L. The breaking Buckthorn, or Berry-bearing Alder. 



Identificatiun. Lin. Spec., 280. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 32. 



Synonymes. Nerprun Bourgene, Aune noir, Fr. ; glatter Wegdorn, Ger. ; Alno nero, Ital. 



Derivation. The name of Frangula, breaking, is applied to this species, from the brittleness of 



its branches. 

 Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 250. ; (Ed. Fl. Dan., t. 278. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit. 1st 



edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 265. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Leaves oval, quite entire, lineated with 10 or 12 lateral 

 nerves, and, as well as the calyx, smooth. Flowers hermaphrodite. (Don's 

 Mill.) A deciduous shrub, or low tree. Europe and part of Siberia, in 

 woods and thickets ; not uncommon in England, but rare in Scotland. 

 Height 3 ft. to 6 ft., wild ; 8 ft. to 10 ft. in British gardens. Flowers whitish, 

 with purple anthers ; May. Berries dark purple ; ripe in September. De- 

 caying leaves reddish green. Naked young wood dark 

 brown. 



Variety. 



& * R. F. 2 angustifblia Hort. has narrower leaves. 

 The plant of this species in the Horticultural 

 Society's Garden is very distinct ; and, in 1835, 

 was 6 ft. high, after being 10 years planted. 



Branches numerous, alternate, leafy, round, smooth, 

 and blackish. From a quarter to half an ounce of the 

 inner bark, boiled in small beer, is a sharp purge. The 

 bark dyes yellow, and, with a preparation of iron, black. 

 The flowers are particularly grateful to bees. The 

 charcoal prepared from the wood is preferred by the 

 makers of gunpowder to any other. 265 . R . F r&ngui a . 



* % 16. R. LATiFoYius L'Herit. The broad-leaved Buckthorn. 



Identification. L'Herit. Sert, 5. t. 8.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 26.; Don's Mill., 



2. p. 32. 

 Engravings. L'Herit. Sert., 5. t. 8. ; Dend. Brit., til.: Willd. Ab- 



bild.,t. 100. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and 



our fig. 266. 



Spec. Char., fa. Leaves elliptical, acuminate, quite 

 entire, lineated with 12 or 15 lateral nerves ; younger 

 leaves and calyxes villous. Flowers hermaphrodite. 

 (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub, with the habit 

 of a low tree. Azores, on the mountains of St. 

 Michael. Height 10ft. to 15ft. Introduced in 1778. 

 Flowers greenish ; July. Berries black or red, both 

 colours appearing on the same plant at once ; ripe in 

 September. 



The leaves are larger than those of any other species, 

 except R. alpinus grandifolius ; and the whole plant 

 is remarkable for its robust appearance, and the con- 

 spicuous opposite nerves which proceed from the middle 

 of the leaves. It deserves a place in every collection. 



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