718 



ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNlCt'M, 



1394. U. campestris. 



exposed to sun or weather. The great use of the 

 English elm, however, in ship-building, is for 

 keels. In light land, especially if it be rich, the 

 growth of the tree is very rapid ; but its wood 

 is light, porous, and of little value compared with 

 that grown upon strong land, which is of a closer 

 stronger texture, and at the heart will have the 

 colour, and almost the hardness and heaviness, of 

 iron. The common elm produces abundance of 

 suckers from the roots, both near and at a great 

 distance from the stem ; and throughout Europe 

 these afford the most ready mode of propagation, 

 and that which appears to have been most gene- 

 rally adopted till the establishment of regular 

 commercial nurseries ; the suckers being procured 

 from the roots of grown up trees, in hedgerows, 

 parks, or plantations. In Britain, the present 

 mode of propagation is by layers from stools, or 

 by grafting on the U. montana. The layers are 

 made in autumn, or in the course of the winter, 

 and are rooted, or fit to be taken off, in a year. 

 Grafting is generally performed in the whip or splice manner, close to the 

 root, in the spring ; and the plants make shoots of 3 or 4 feet in length the 

 same year. Budding is sometimes performed, but less frequently. The great 

 advantage of grafting is, that the plants never throw up suckers, unless 

 indeed the graft is buried in the soil. The tree bears the knife better than 

 most others, and is not very injurious to grass growing under it. The leaves 

 are eaten by most kinds of cattle. 



t 2. U. (c.) SUBEROSA Mcench. The Cork-barked Elm. 



Identification. Ehr. Arb., 142. ; Willd. Sp. PL, p. 1324. ; Engl. Fl., 2. p. 21. 



Synonymes. U. campestris Woodv. Med. Bot. 1. 197. ; U. campestris and Theophr&stz Du Ham. 



Arb. 2. p. 367. t. 108. ; U. vulgatissima folio lato scabra Ger. Emac. 1480. f. ; V. montana Cam. 



Epit. t. 70., upper fig. ; common Elm Tree, Hunt. Evel. Syl. p. 119.; 1'Orme Liege, 1'Orme 



fungeux, Fr. 

 Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2161. ; Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 108. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. 



vii. ; and ova fig. 1395. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Leaves pointed, rough, doubly 

 and sharply serrated. Flowers stalked, 45* 

 cleft. Samara almost orbicular, deeply 

 cloven, glabrous. Branches spreading ; their 

 bark corky. (Smith.) A deciduous tree, 

 taller and more spreading than the common 

 English elm. England. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft., 

 and sometimes 100ft. Flowers and samara 

 as in the preceding kind. 



Varieties. 



U. (c.) s. 1 vulgdris. U. suberosa Hort. 



Dur. ; the Dutch cork-barked Elm. 



This, except the American elm and 



the Canterbury seedling ( U. montana 



major glabra), is the quickest-growing 



of any that Mr. Masters cultivates. It 



is, moreover, valuable on account of its 



growing well upon the Kentish chalks ; and it keeps its leaf till late 



in the autumn. It is a tree of large growth. Many of the elms at 



Windsor are of this kind. 

 U. (c.) s. 2 foliis variegdtis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. U. suberosa variegata 



Hort. Dur. Precisely like the last, except in its variegation. 

 IF U. (c.) s. 3 alba. U. suberosa alba Masters. A low tree, of more 



1395. U. (c.) suberosa. 



