734 



ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 



j. r egi a . 



The species is propagated by the nut ; which, when the tree is to be grown 



chiefly for its timber, is best sown where it is finally to remain, on account of 



the taproot, which will thus have its full influence on the vigour and prosperity 



of the tree. Where the tree is to be grown for fruit on dry soils, or in rocky 



situations, it ought also to be sown where it is finally to remain, for the same 



reasons. In soils on moist or other- 



wise unfavourable subsoils, if sown 



where it is finally to remain, a tile, 



slate, or flat stone, should be placed 



under the nut at the depth of 3 or 



4 inches, in order to give the taproot a 



horizontal direction ; or, if this pre- 



caution has been neglected, after the 



plants have come up, the taproot 



may be cut through with a spade 6 or 



8 inches below the nut, as is sometimes 



practised in nurseries with young 



plants of the horsechestnut, sweet 



chestnut, walnut, and oak. On the 



other hand, when the walnut is planted 



in soil which has a dry or rocky subsoil, 



or among rocks, no precaution of this 



sort is necessary : on the contrary, it 



would be injurious, by preventing the 



taproot from descending, and deriving 



that nourishment from the subsoil 



which, from the nature of the surface 



soil, it could not there obtain. The 



varieties may be propagated by bud- 



ding, grafting, inarching, or layering, in common soil. The walnut tree attains 



the largest size in a deep loamy soil, dry rather than moist ; but the fruit 



has the best flavour, and produces most oil, when the tree is grown in cal- 



careous soils, or among calcareous rocks : in a wet-bottomed soil, whatever 



may be the character of the surface, it will not thrive. 



2. J. NI V GRA L. The black-wooded Walnut Tree. 



Identification. Lin. Hort. Cliff., p. 449. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 456. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 636. 

 Synonymes. The black Walnut, the black Hickory Nut, N. Amer. ; Noyer noir, Fr. ; Noce ncra, 



Ital. 

 Engravings. Michx. Arh., 1. 



t. 1. ; Michx. North Amer. 



Sylva, t. 30. ; Dend. Brit., t. 



158. ; the plate of this tree in 



Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. vii. ; 



and our Jig. 1417. 



Spec. Char., $c. Leaflets, 

 in a leaf, 13 17; cor- 

 date-acuminate, une- 

 qual at the base, ser- 

 rated, and somewhat 

 downy ; lateral ones 

 upen short petiolules. 

 Fruit globose, roughish 

 with minute prominent 

 points, situated upon a 

 short inflexible pedun- 

 cle. Nut globose, some- 

 what compressed at the 

 sides, ridged and fur- 

 rowed. (Michx.*) A 

 large deciduous tree. 



