746 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 



tough rods are required. Various other sorts might be mentioned ; but these 

 we consider as by far the most valuable. 



As gardenesque objects, all the shrubby species of willow, as well as the 

 trees, will have most effect when trained to a single stem, if only to the height 

 of 2 or 3 feet. This alone gives them the character of art. All the trailing 

 sorts, such as S. herbacea, S. reticulata, &c., to be truly gardenesque, ought 

 to be grafted standard high for the same reason. For picturesque decoration 

 in artificial scenery, all the upright shrubby and tree willows may be scat- 

 tered or grouped along the margin of water ; and all the creeping or trailing 

 kinds placed on rockwork, and left to take their natural shapes. Such species 

 of willow as S. pentandra, S. lucida, and one or two others, from having little 

 of the aspect common to the willow family, and, consequently, their forms not 

 being associated with the idea of moist soil or water, may be placed near a 

 house, or in a shrubbery or flower-garden, on account of their fragrance and 

 early blossoms; but this cannot be recommended with respect to willows in 

 general, which, whether as shrubs or trees, always convey the idea of the 

 vicinity of water or of marshy ground. 



The great master in the genus .Salix, considered in a botanical point of view, 

 is Professor Koch ; but, in the present state of our knowledge of this genus 

 in Britain, we have deemed it best to follow Mr. Borrer, whose groups have 

 been adopted by Sir W. J. Hooker, and almost all other British botanists. 

 Those who wish to study Koch's arrangement will find it given at length in 

 the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1486. and 1633., in which is also given the arrange- 

 ment of Hooker. Our descriptions in this abridgement are necessarily exceed- 

 ingly brief, and we must, therefore, refer the reader who wishes to enter into 

 the subject at length to our 1st edition, in which p. 14*53. to p. 1636. are occu- 

 pied with the genus <Salix. In the present edition, through the kindness of 

 Mr. Borrer, we have indicated the principal species which represent each 

 group, immediately after the characteristic feature of that group. 



Group i. PurpiirecE Koch, Borrer. 



Mon&ndrae is the name adopted for this group in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. ; but Mr. Borrer considers 

 Purpureae preferable, because it is taken, like the name of each of the other groups in this arrange- 

 ment, from the name of a species included in that group. Purpurese, too, is the name given by 

 Koch to the same group. 



Osier Willows, with one Stamen in a Flower. The principal species, according 

 to Mr. Borrer, are 1 . 4. and 6. 



Filament 1, bearing an anther of 4 lobes and 4 cells ; or, in S. rubra, forked, 

 and each branch bearing an anther of 2 lobes and 2 cells. Germen sessile. 

 Catkins very compact. Trees of low stature, or shrubs with twiggy 

 branches, and leaves that are more or less lanceolate, and serrated, and often 

 broader upwards. Interior part of the bark, in most, yellow, and very bitter 

 (Hook. Br. Fl.} The leaves of nearly all of the kinds of this group turn 

 black in drying. The inner bark of most of the kinds included in this group 

 is extremely bitter, which renders the plants suitable for banks of rivers, 

 and other places which are infested by rats, as the bitterness prevents these 

 animals from eating it. 



& 1. S. PURPU'REA L. The purple Willow. 



Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1444. ; Eng. FL, 4. p. 187. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 417. 



The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot., and are in cultivation in some English collections. 



Synonyme. S. purpurea Koch Comm. p. 25. 



Engravings. Eng. Bot, t. 1318. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 169. ; our^. 1433. ; zndjig 1. in p. 79J. 



