LXVIII. SALICA'CE^E : SA V LIX. 761 



T he branches are long, straight, and slender, not angular in their insertion 

 .ike those of S. fragilis ; and the trees of both species, when stripped of 

 their leaves, may be distinguished respectively by these marks. The cele- 

 brated willow at Lichfield, called Johnson's Willow, of which two portraits 

 are given in our first edition, together with the history of the tree, was 

 of this species. 



25. S. PURSHIA^NA Borrer, Pursh's Willow, is described in our first 

 edition, p. 1522. 



Group vi. A'lbte Borrer. 

 Trees of the largest Size, with the Foliage whitish. Prin. sp. 26. and 27. 



Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary glabrous. Flowers loosely disposed in the 

 catkin. Leaves lanceolate, serrated with glanded serratures ; hairy, espe- 

 cially while young, with appressed silky hairs, which give to the foliage a 

 light or whitish hue. Plants trees of considerable height. (Hook.) 



t 26. S. A'LBA L. The whitish -haved, or common white, Willow. 



Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1449. ; Eng. FL, 4. p. 231. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. 

 Synonymes. S. alba, part of, Koch Comm. p. 16. ; the Huntingdon, or Swallow-tailed, Willow. 

 The Sexes. Both are described in Eng. Fl., and both figured in Eng. Bot. 



Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2430. ; Host Sal. Aust., 1 . t. 32, 33. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. 

 Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and oar figs. 1446, 1447. 



Spec. Char., $c. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, silky on both 

 sides ; the lowest serratures glandular. Stamens hairy. Germen smooth, 

 almost sessile. Stigmas deeply cloven. Scales notched. (Smith.) A 

 large tree. Norway and Sweden, to the Mediterranean Sea ; North-East 

 and West of Asia ; and introduced into the United States. Frequent in 

 Britain, and also in Ireland. Height 50 ft. to 80ft. Flowers yellow; May. 



Varieties. 



S. a. 2 ccerulca. S. alba var. Smith Fl. Brit. p. 1072. ; S. caerulea 

 Smith Eng. Bot. t.2431. ; S. alba & Smith Eng. Fl, iv. p. 231.; the 

 upland, or red-tinged, Willow, Pontey Profit. Planter, 4th ed., 1814, 

 p. 72. ; the Leicester Willow, Davy's Agricultural Chemistry, 1st ed.; 

 Blue Willow, Smith ; and our Jig. 137. in p. 817. 

 S. a. 3 crispa Hort. Leaves narrow, contorted and silky. 

 Z S. a. 4 rosea Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Aspect reddish. 

 In the North of Europe, the bark of this tree is used for tanning leather, 

 and for dyeing yarn of a cinnamon colour ; and the leaves and young shoots are 

 given to cattle in a green state, or dried like the twigs of the .j 



birch, and laid up for winter fodder. The inner bark, like that of 

 Scotch pine, being kiln-dried, and ground into a fine flour, is 

 mixed with oatmeal, and made into bread, in seasons of great 

 scarcity, by the inhabitants of Norway and Kamtschatka. The 

 branches of the tree are used as stakes, poles, handles to 

 rakes, hoes, and other implements, and as faggot-wood for fuel. 

 The timber of the trunk is used for various purposes. It 

 weighs, in a green state, 70 Ib. 9 oz. per cubic foot; half-dry, 

 51 Ib. 14 oz. ; and quite dry, 32 Ib. 12 oz.; so as to lose more than 

 one half of its weight by drying, during which it loses a sixteenth 

 part of its bulk. It is found an excellent lining for stone-carts, 

 barrows, &c. It is used in turnery, millwork, coopery, weather- 

 boarding, c. ; and the stronger snoots and poles serve for making hoops, han- 

 dles to hay-rakes, clothes-props (see fig. 169. Encyc. of Colt. Arch.), and various 

 other instruments and implements ; and the twigs are employed in wicker- 

 work. The bark, which is thick and full of cracks, is in nearly as great repute 



