LXX. CORYLA'CE^E: QUE'RCUS. 



885 



consequence. By far the most important product which this tree 

 yields, is its outer bark, which forms the cork of commerce. The 

 bark is separated by first making a circular cut round the trunk, 

 immediately under the main branches, and another at a few inches 

 above the surface of the ground. The portion of bark intervening 

 between the two cuts is then split down in three or four places; 

 care being taken, both in making the circular cuts, and also the 

 longitudinal ones, not to penetrate the inner bark. This operation is commonly 

 performed in July, or in the beginning of August, when the second sap flows 

 plentifully. The tree is now left for 8 or 10 years, when it is again disbarked 

 as before. In British gardens Q. 5uber is propagated by imported acorns, or 

 by inarching on Q. / N lex. 



* t 34. Q. PSEU'DO-SU'BER Desf. The False-Cork Oak. 



Identification. Desf. At]., 2. p. 348. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 174. 



Sifnonymcs. Chene faux Lidge, Chene de Gibraltar, Fr. ; Unachte Kork-Eiche, Ger. Bosc states 



that he possesses a leaf of Q. Turner?, which was brought to him from Kew by L'Heritier, arid 



that it is identical with Q. Pseudo-Suber ; but the leaves of . 



Turner*' are not in the slightest degree hoary or glaucous beneath, 



nor has it a corky bark. See No. 35. 

 Engravings. Sant.Viagg., t. 4.; Spreng. Antiq. Bot , t. 1. ; N. Du 



Ham., 7. t 48. f.2. ; and our Jig. 1G25. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate ; 

 sinuated, dentated, or serrated ; hoary beneath. 

 Bark fungous, cracked. Nut ovate. Calyx muri- 

 cated, with lax, recurved, linear scales. (Desf.) A 

 sub-evergreen tree. Mountains of Tuscany, Spain, 

 and Barbary, Mount Atlas, and near Tangier. 

 Height 50 or 60ft. Introduced in 1824. 



Variety. 



X Q. P. 2 Fontanem. Q. Fontanesn Guss., Arb. 

 Brit. 1st edit. p. 1925. (Our fig. 1624.) 

 Either identical with this species, or a very 

 slight variety of it. 



The bark is corky, though less so than that of Q. Suber. Young branches 

 downy or hoary ; sometimes smooth, striated. Des- 

 fontaines describes the bark as fungous, as very thick, 

 and as being, without doubt, capable of replacing the 

 cork of Europe. The leaves are oval-oblong, dentated 

 or serrated ; smooth above, and pubescent beneath, 

 remaining green a part of the winter ; so that the tree 

 may be considered as forming the connecting link be- 

 tween the evergreen oaks and the deciduous ones. Q. 

 Siiber angustifblium and Q. iS'uber dentatum (p. 884.) 

 ma ossibl be forms of this secies. 



1 62 1 Q 1>. Fontn.e.ii. 



ic25. Q. Pseudo suber. ma y possy 



t 35. Q. TU'RNER/ Willd. Turner's Oak. 



Identification. Willd. Enum., 975. ; Baumz., p. 339. 

 Synunymes. Q. h^brida Hort. ; Chene de Turner, Fr. ; Tur- 



nersche Eiche, Ger. 

 Engravings. Willd. Baumz., t. 3. f.2. ; and our fig. 1626 from 



a living specimen. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Leaves oblong, mucronate> 

 dentate; glabrous on both sides; somewhat 

 wedge-shaped at the base. Branchlets hairy. 

 (Willd.) A sub-evergreen, or nearly ever- 

 green tree, apparently a hybrid between Q. 

 pedunculata and Q. / v lex, having been found 

 in a bed of seedlings of the former species, in 

 1 795 or before, in Turner's Nursery, at Hol- 

 loway Down, Essex. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. 



SL 3 



I(ii6. Q. Tiirneri. 



