LXXVII. CONI'FER^;: 



947 



ripe in the autumn of the second year. Trees almost all evergreen, the 

 wood abounding in resin, 



The hardy genera in British gardens are arranged as under : 



Tribe I. ^BIE'TIN^E. 

 Buds scaly. Catkins of both sexes many flowered. Leaves scattered, or 



in groups. Tips of ovules pointing to the axis of the catkins, except in 



Cunningham^. Nadelholz and Tangelholz, Ger. 



PI V NUS. Male catkins aggregate. Pollen contained in 2 cells. Ovules 2. 



Carpels thickened at tips. Leaves not solitary. 

 v4 v BiEs. All as in Pinus, but the cones are pendulous, and the leaves are 



solitary. 

 PI'CEA. This differs from J v bies in the cones being erect, and from Pinus in 



the carpels not being thickened at the tips ; and from both, in the leaves 



being in 2 ranks. 

 ,LA V RIX. Differs from y^'bies in the leaves being deciduous, and in groups ; 



and in the cones being erect. 



CE'DRUS. Differs from Z/arix in the leaves being evergreen. Anthers crested. 

 CUNNINGHA V J///. Male catkins grouped. Pollen contained in 3 cases. 



Ovules 3. Leaves solitary and serrulated. 

 DA'MMARA. Male catkins solitary. Pollen contained in 5 to 24 cases. 



Ovules 2. Leaves broad. 

 ARAUCA'RIA. Catkins dioecious. Pollen contained in 10 to 20 cases. Ovules 



solitary, combined with the scale. 



Tribe II. CUPRE'SSINJE. 



Buds not scaly. Catkins of both sexes few-flowered. Ovules pointing 

 from the axis of the catkin. Leaves evergreen, except in Taxodium. 



jTHu'JA. Catkins terminal, solitary. Pollen in 4 cases. Ovules 2. Leaves 



scale-like, imbricate. 

 CA'LLITRIS. Catkins terminal, solitary. Pollen in 2 to 5 cases. Ovules 3 



or more. Leaves scale-like, opposite or whorled. 

 CUPRE'SSUS. Catkins solitary. Pollen in 4 cases. Ovules 8 or more. Leaves 



imbricate. 

 TAXO'DIUM. 

 3 together, 

 ciduous. 



,/UNl'PERUS. 



Catkins disposed in compound spikes ; female ones 2 or 

 Pollen in 5 cases. Ovules 2. Leaves linear, in 2 ranks, de- 



in 3 to 6 cases, 

 rigid. 



Male catkins terminal ; female ones axillary, few. Pollen 



Ovule one. Fruit pulpy. Leaves opposite or ternate, 



Tribe I. 



The ^bietinag are almost all trees of lofty stature, pyramidal in form, and 

 regularly furnished with verticillate frond-like branches, from the base to the 

 summit of the trunk. These branches, unlike those of every other kind of 

 tree, die off as the tree grows old, without ever attaining a timber-like size ; 

 so that, in a physiological point of view, they may be considered as rather 

 like immense leaves than branches ; and this circumstance, as well as others, 

 seems to connect the pines and firs with the palms. Almost all the species 

 are evergreen, and have linear needle-like leaves ; whence the German names 

 of nadelholz and tangelholz. The wood is chiefly composed of parallel fibres, 

 arranged in a manner somewhat intermediate between that of dicotyledonous 

 and monocotyledonous trees ; and, in consequence of these fibres not being 



3p 2 



