950 



ARBORETUM ET FRUTICE1 UM BRITANNICUM. 



ornament, or in masses for useful purposes in plantations. In the former 

 case, to remove any of the branches would destroy the object in view ; and 

 in the latter, if the plantation is of suitable thickness, the lower branches begin 

 to die off of themselves, after the trees have acquired a certain age and growth, 

 and all that is necessary is to assist nature, by cutting off the branches close 

 to the trunk, the moment they begin to show indications of decay. 



GENUS I. 



PPNUS L. THE PINE. Lin. Syst. Mono2 v cia Monadelphia. 



Identification. Lin. Gen., 499 ; Fl. Br., 1031. ; Lamb. Pin., 2d ed., 1. t. 1. 



Synonymes. Le pin, Fr. ; Fichte, Pynbaum, or Kiefer, Ger. ; Pynboom, Dutch ; Pino, Ital. and 

 Span. ; Pinu, Anglo-Saxon , Pinnua, Welsh ; Peigne, Erse. 



Derivation. The word Pinus comes from the Greek pinos, used by Theophrastus to designate the 

 pine tree. Pinos has for its root pion, which signifies fat ; because the trees of this genus furnish 

 pitch and tar. Others derive the word Pinus from pin, or pyn, a mountain or rock, Celtic ; in 

 allusion to the habitat of the tree ; the British towns Peu-ryn, Pen-rith, and Pen-maen ; and the 

 Spanish ones, Penna-flor, Penna-fiel, &c., being so called from being built on hills, or rocks. 



Gen. Char., fyc. Male flowers in grouped catkins. Pollen contained in 

 2 cells, formed in the scale, that open lengthwise. Female flowers with 2 

 ovules. Strobile in most species ovately conical. Carpels or outer scales 

 thickened at the tip, exceeding the bracteas or their outer scales in length, 

 and concealing them ; persistent. 



Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sheathed, evergreen ; linear, rigid, 

 in groups of 2, 3, or 5 ; each group arising out of a scaly sheath. Flowers, 

 males whitish yellow, powdery. Fruit a cone. 



Evergreen trees, generally of large size, natives of Europe, Asia, and 

 America, and in an eminent degree both useful and ornamental. They flower, 

 in Britain, in May and June, and generally ripen their cones in the autumn 

 of the following year. The species may be arranged either according to their 

 cones or their leaves ; and we have adopted the latter feature as the founda- 

 tion of our sections, because it is applicable to trees in every stage of their 

 growth ; and because many of the species in London gardens have not yet 

 borne cones. 



The following is our arrangement of the species in British gardens : 



i. BmcB. Leaves 2 in a sheath. 



1. sylvestris. 



2. Pumilio. 



3. Laricio. 



4. (L.) austriaca. 



11. BanksJana. 



12. inops. 



13. pungens. 



18. TV da. 



19. rigida. 



20. Fraseri. 



21. serotina. 



22. ponderosa. 



31. Teoc&te. 



A. Natives of Europe. 

 5 (L.) Pallaseawa. 



6. (L.) pyrenaica. 



7. Pinaster. 



8. Pfnea. 



9. halepensis. 

 10. brtitia. 



B. Natives of North America. 



14. resinosa. 16. contorta. 



15. mitis. 17. turbinata. 



ii. Terndtts. Leaves 3 in a sheath. 



A. Natives of North America. 



23. Sabmidna. 



24. Coulteri. 



25. australis. 



26. insignis. 



B. Natives of Mexico. 

 32. patula. 



27. californiana. 



28. muricata. 



29. tuberculata. 



30. radiata. 



33. 



