952 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 



2f in. long ; somewhat waved and twisted ; slightly concave on the upper, 

 and convex on the under, surface ; light bluish green, finely serrulated 

 on the edges ; the sheath lacerated and slightly ringed. Cones {fig. 

 1760. a) from 2 in. to Sin. long, and from 1 in. to 1^ in. broad. Scales 

 (fig. 1760. d) from 1 in. to lin. long, terminating in an irregular four- 

 sided projecting point, often recurved. Seeds, with the wing (c), from 

 1 in. to 1 in. long ; without the wing, from -^ in. to -^ in. long ; dark- 

 coloured. Cotyledons 5 to 7. A tall, straight, hardy, long-lived tree, from 

 60ft. to 100ft. high ; Europe generally, but not of America ; flowering in 

 May and June, and ripening its cones about 18 months afterwards ; the 

 most valuable, for its timber, of all the European species of Pinus. 

 Varieties. Like all trees which have an extensive geographical range, and 

 grow on almost every kind of soil, and at great elevations as well as in 

 plains, the varieties and variations of the Scotch pine are exceedingly nu- 

 merous; both as respects the exterior appearance of the tree, and the 

 quality of its timber and resinous products. On poor soils, at great ele- 

 vations, it becomes a diminutive shrub : find in low situations, where it 

 is a lofty timber tree, the wood on some light sandy soils is white, almost 

 without resin, and of little duration ; while on other soils, of a colder and 

 more substantial nature, it is red, heavy, and of great durability. It appears, 

 also, that the same situation will produce both white-wooded and red-wooded 

 trees ; and seeds from red-wooded trees will, it is said, in some instances, 

 produce others the wood of which is red. 



a. Timber Trees. 



1 P. s. I vulgdris. The common wild Pine. (fig. 

 1761., to our usual scale.) Thus described 

 by Don of Forfar. Branches forming a 

 pyramidal head ; leaves marginated, of a 

 dark green colour, and but little glaucous 

 underneath ; cones considerably elongated, 

 and tapering to a point, and the bark of the 

 trunk very ragged. " This variety seems 

 to be but short-lived, becoming soon stunted 

 in its appearance, and it is altogether a very 

 inferior tree to either variety 2, or variety 3." 

 (Cat. Mem., i. p. 123.) 



4 P. s. 2 horizontals. P. horizontalis Don of 

 Forfar ; P. sylvestris var. montana Sang, 

 Plant. Cal. p. 65. ; the Speyside Pine, 

 Hort. Soc. ; the Highland Pine, Grigor in 

 Gard. Mag. viii. p. 10. ; the horizontal- 

 branched wild Pine, Laws. ; the red-wooded Scotch Pine, Sang ; 

 ? P. rubra Mill. Diet, and N. Du Ham. This variety is described 

 by Don of Forfar as being " strongly marked and permanent." It 

 *' is distinguished from the former by the disposition of its branches, 

 which are remarkable for their horizontal direction, and for a ten- 

 dency to bend downwards close by the trunk. The leaves are 

 broader than those of the first variety, and serrulated, and not mar- 

 ginated. They are distinguishable at a distance by their much lighter 

 and beautiful glaucous colour. The bark of the trunk is not so 

 rugged as in the preceding variety. Its cones are thicker, not so 

 much pointed, and smoother. The tree seems to be a more hardy 

 plant, being easily reconciled to very various soils and situations. It 

 grows very freely, and quickly arrives at a considerable size." 



1 P. s. 3 uncindta (see fig. 1672.). The hook-coned wild Pine; Mar 

 Forest wild Pine, in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Another 

 of Don of Forfar's varieties, which is described by him. in the 



