1036 



ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 



poses of the tanner. In England, the hemlock spruce forms one of the most 

 ornamental of the fir family; being among needle-leaved evergreen trees what 

 the weeping willow is among the willows. As it bears the knife, and is ex- 

 tremely hardy, it might be employed as hedges ; for which purpose it is used 

 in the American nurseries, along with the Thuja occidentals. Seeds are 

 annually imported, and even produced by old trees in this country. 



E. Native of Nepal. 

 t 11. A. DUMO\SA. The bushy Alpine Spruce Fir. 



Synonymes. Plnus dumbsa Lamb. Pin. ed. 2., 



1. t. 46. ; .4'bies Brunonf$na Lindl. in Perm. 



Cyc. vol. i. No. 9. ; P. decidua Wall. MS. ; P. 



Kruuonidna Wall. Plant As. rar. 3. p. 24. 

 Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 46. ; Wall. 



Plant As. rar., 3. t. 247. ; and our figs. 1936. 



and 1937. 



Spec. Char., $c. Leaves solitary, linear, 

 obtuse, mostly on one side of the 

 branches ; glaucous beneath, denticu- 

 lated. Cones ovate, terminal, soli- 

 tary ; bracteoles wedge-shaped, pli- 

 cate, -emarginate, glabrous. (Lamb.) 

 Leaves fin. long. Cones, scales, 

 and seeds scarcely different from 

 those of A. canadensis. A dense 

 and very bushy tree, with the ap- 

 pearance of A. canadensis. Nepal. 

 Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introd. 1838. 



Other Species of A^bies. A. Mertensiana Song, and A. sitchensu Bong, are 

 mentioned by M. Bongard in his observations on the Island of Sitcha, on the 

 west coast of North America, in N. lat. 57, as indigenous there. The article 

 is quoted in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 2d ser., torn, iii. p. 237. ; 

 but no description is given. A. trigona, A. heterophylla, A. aromdtica, A. 

 microphj/lla, A. obliqudta, and A.falcdta are mentioned by Rafmesque as being 

 found in the Oregon country ; but, as he gives no description of these trees, 

 it is uncertain whether they belong to ^'bies or Picea. The same observations 

 will apply to A. hirtella Humboldt et Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. Plant, pi. 2. 

 p. 5., of which nothing is known either of the flowers or cones ; to A. 

 K&mpferii and A. Thunbergii, mentioned by Thunberg ; and to A. Morni, A, 

 Torano, and A. Araragi, enumerated by Sieboldt in Vcrhand. Batav. Genootsch,, 

 xii. p. 12., as quoted in Pen. Cyc. 



GENUS III. 



1936. A. dum&sa. 



1937. -d.dumosa. 



PI'CEA D. Don. THE SILVER FIR. Linn. Syst. Monce'cia Monadelphia. 



Identification. D. Don MS. 



Synonymes. Plnus Lin. in part ; Plnus sect Peuce D. Don in Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. vol. 2. ; ^ N bies 

 Link, Nees von Esenbeck, and Ledebour ; -4'bies Du Roi, in part ; Sapin, Fr. ; Tannen, Ger. 



Derivation. From pix, pitch ; the tree producing abundance of resin. Loiseleur Deslongchamps 

 observes that the silver fir was called by the ancients Abies, and the spruce Picea ; and that 

 Linnaeus has created much confusion by reversing the application of the names. He proposes, 

 therefore, to call the silver fir /f "bies vfira, and the spruce fir J^bies Pfcea. (N. Du Ham., v. 214. 

 note.) Link has divided the spruces and silver firs into two genera, and given the classical names 

 of Picea to the firet genus, and A'bies to the second (see Abhand. Akad. der Wisscnschaften, jahr 

 1827, p. 157.) ; and in this he has been followed by Nees von Esenbeck and Ledebour. We have 

 followed Lambert and D. Don, as already stated under .4'bies, p. 1025. 



Gen. Char. The same as in Pinus and A^bies, but differing in having the cones 

 erect. Strobile cylindrical, with its carpels not thickened at the tip. Both 

 carpels and bracteas separate from the axis of the strobile. The leaves are 

 obviously 2-ranked in direction. 



