24 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



several pairs of pro-legs between these and the true legs. No 

 traces of wings can be seen, but the body is often covered with 

 hairs, spines, or warty tubercles. 



With the next molt the insect changes in appearance most 

 radically, becoming a pupa, or chrysalis, as this stage is termed 



FIG. 15. Complete metamorphosis. The different stages of the corn ear- 

 worm (Heliothis obsolete Fab.): a, eggs on corn-silk; b, the first tiiree 

 larval stages; c, pupa from below; d, same from above; e, adult moth 

 all enlarged; b, about twice natural size. 



for butterflies. During the pupal stage the insect remains 

 dormant either in a small cell slightly under the surface of the 

 earth, or in a silken cocoon spun by the caterpillar, or merely 

 attached to the food-plant by a strand of silk or the cast larval 

 skin. In many of the Diptera, the order including flies, mos- 

 quitoes, gnats, etc., however, the last larval skin is not shed, 



