INSECTS AFFECTING GRAINS, GRASSES, FORAGE 113 



arsenic or Paris green, which has been extensively used for cut- 

 worms, was found to be quite successful in the experiments 

 of Mr. D. W. Coquillet in the San Joaquin Valley, California, 

 during 1885, for protecting orchards, vineyards, gardens, etc., 

 and might even be of some value for grain crops. Two pounds 

 of Paris green, 25 pounds of bran, barely moistened with 

 water and cheap molasses, will be about the correct propor- 

 tion. It should be placed in the fields, a tablespoonful to 

 each plant or vine. At this rate the cost per acre of vineyard, 

 including labor, will not exceed fifty cents. The poison acts 

 slowly, but if judiciously used will be found very effective, 

 especially for the non-migratory forms. In Texas the mash 

 has been found satisfactory in destroying the grasshoppers 

 attacking cotton. One planter writes: " We are successfully 

 using arsenic (for grasshoppers) at the following rates : 10 pounds 

 of wheat bran, 1^ gallons sorghum molasses, 1 pound arsenic. 

 Make a thick mash, sow broadcast on infected ground, and 

 it will surely kill them. I used 40 pounds last year and made 

 49 bales of cotton. My neighbors did not do anything and 

 entirely lost their crop." The writer has also seen excellent 

 results from the use of the mash in Texas with only one pound of 

 poison to 25 pounds of bran. However, Professor Morgan con- 

 cluded that " the mash cannot be relied upon in severe outbreaks, 

 such as occurred in the delta, but may be used in limited attacks 

 where the area affected would not warrant the more aggressive 

 methods." 



" When grasshoppers are young or half-grown, a poisonous 

 bait, known as the Griddle Mixture, has proved effective in 

 many parts of the country (particularly for the Rocky Mountain 

 locust). This consists of one part of Paris green and about 

 one hundred parts of fresh horse manure, by measure. Enough 

 water is added to make the mass soft without being sloppy. 

 It can be taken to the field by a wagon or stone boat and 

 scattered about by means of a paddle." Washburn. 



