280 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



with black piliferous clots, uiul similar dots occur on each seg- 

 ment, arranged in two transverse rows." * 



Before pupating the larva spins a thin silken cocoon, either 

 among the leaves, under the bark of the poles, or at or slightly 

 under the surface of the ground. The pupal stage occupies about 

 ten days, and the moths emerge from* the cocoons early in July. 

 Another brood follows with a similar life history, the moths 

 emerging late in August and in September and probably hibernat- 

 ing over winter. 



The larvae are known as " false loopcrs," on account of their 

 bending the back slightly in creeping, which is due to their lacking 

 the first pair of pro-legs. 



Another species of the same genus (Hypena rostralis) affects 

 hop-vines in Europe in the same manner and is very similar to 

 the one above described. 



Remedies. The larvae can be controlled by the use of any 

 arsenical spray, which should be applied while they are still young. 



Hop-merchants 



The so-called "Hop-merchants," which here and there gleam 

 from the vines are the chrysalids of two common butterflies, whose 

 larvae feed preferably upon hops. The chrysalids are normally 

 marked w r ith beautiful gold or silver spots, which sometimes 

 become so diffused as to tinge the whole chrysalis. " An inter- 

 esting superstition holds among hop-growers to the effect that 

 when the golden-spotted chrysalids are plentiful the crop will 

 be good and the price high, while if the silver-spotted ones are 

 plentiful and the golden-spotted ones are scarce the price will be 

 low." Howard, (I.e.). 



The Semicolon-butterfly f 



The common names of these two butterflies indicate the most 

 striking mark of distinction between them. P. interrogationis 

 bears a silver mark like a semicolon or interrogation point upon 



* Howard, I.e. 



f Polygonia interrogationis Godart. Family Nymphalidce. 



