372 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



and turnips arc injured worst, serious damage often being done to 

 turnips in the South. 



" The wingless viviparous female has a rather long oval body, 

 covered with a whitish mealy coat. \Yhen this coat has been 

 removed . . . the body is seen to be a grayish-green color, with 

 eight black spots down either side of the back, increasing in size 

 toward the posterior end. The antenna) are green with black tips 

 and are shorter than the body, and the eyes, legs and tail are 

 black. The young when first hatched are oval, shining, bright 

 yellow in color, and lack the mealy coat. The winged viviparous 

 female is yellowish-green, with the eyes, neck and thoracic lobes 

 black, and the antenna 1 and nectaries dark brown. The legs are 



a. 



Fio. 269. The cabbage-aphis (iphis brassicee Linn.): a, winged form; b 

 wingless viviparous female Greatly enlarged. (After Curtis.) 



dusky brown and hairy; the tail is dark green or brown and also 

 hairy; the wings are rather short, with stout coarse veins and dark 

 stigma." (Riley). 



Life History. Though the cabbage-aphis is an old European 

 species and \vas observed in this country as early as the latter part 

 of the eighteenth century, its life history has only recently been 

 carefully worked out by Professor G. W. Herrick and Mr. J.W. Hun- 

 gate of Cornell University (I.e.), from whose account the following 

 is taken: 



The oviparous females appear in the fall and are fertilized by 

 the males, and deposit their eggs in large numbers on the leaves 

 of the cabbage, during October and the first days of November, 

 in central New York. The eggs are laid on rape, turnip, brussels 



