434 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



which is a much lighter bund. This species differs from the others 

 in that the larva docs not use its faici-fork for carrying excrement, 

 but merely covers it with cast skins and holds it at an angle from 

 the body, instead of close over the back. 



The Black-legged Tortoise-teetle * 



This species very closely resembles the following one, the gol- 

 den tortoise-beetle, but it is not so brilliant, is larger, has black 

 legs, and the three black spots on each wing-cover are larger and 

 more conspicuous. The larva is a bright straw-yellow, with two 

 crescent-shaped black marks just back of the head and with the 

 spines at the side of the body tipped with black. It is considerably 

 larger than the larva? of the other species and may be easily 



FIG. 311. The black-legged tortoise-beetle. (Cassida nigripes Oliv.): a, b, 

 larvae; c, pupa; d, beetle. (After Riley.) Eggs at left all enlarged. 



recognized by the characteristic way in which the dung is spread 

 on the fseci-fork (Fig. 311, a). The larvae of this species also do 

 more injury than the others, though possibly not as common. 

 The eggs of the other species are laid singly, so that only one or 

 two larva? will be found on a plant, or if more occur they are scat- 

 tered, but the eggs of this species are laid in rows of from three to 

 a dozen, and upon hatching the larvae feed together, thus making 

 the injury more noticeable. 



* Cassida nigripes Oliv. Family Chrysomelidoe. 



