460 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



sixteenth inch long, deep brownish-red in color. A female lays 

 about 140 eggs, which are deposited singly. They hatch in Sep- 

 tember and the young 

 larvsc crawl down the 

 stems and bore under the 

 bark. Here they may 

 either make a small blis- 

 ter-like cavity and hiber- 

 nate over winter, or if 

 hatched earlier they may 

 feed on the sap wood or 

 occasionally bore into the 

 stem and become one- 

 quarter inch or more long 

 before winter. The next 

 season the larvae bore 

 in the lower stem and 

 roots, but the nature 

 of the injury differs 

 as observed in different 

 places. In New Jersey, 

 Dr. J. B. Smith states 

 that the larvae girdle the 

 stem at the crown, caus- 

 ing the plants to die. In 

 spring they abandon the 

 old wood and attack new 

 shoots, but he observed 

 none entering the stems. 

 In Washington, the in- 

 fested plants seldom 

 show any signs of the 

 presence of the borers 

 other than a poor 



FIG. 328. Raspberry root-borer (Bembeda 

 marginata Harr.): a, female and male 

 larvae full grown; b, male and female pupa?; 

 c, female, and d, male moths resting on 

 leaf; e, e, eggs slightly reduced. (After 

 Lawrence.) 



growth, though occasionally a few hills will die where the roots have 

 been badly riddled by the larvae, the injury being mostly in the 



