INSECTS INJURIOUS TO RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY 467 



pith, and from one to six inches above the gall the slender white 

 larva will be found at work. 



There seems to be considerable difference in the susceptibility 

 of varieties, Dr. Smith observing that the " Wilson " and black- 

 cap raspberries are badly infested, while the " Missouri Mammoth " 

 and others were unharmed. 



Life History. The eggs are laid in June, but have not been 

 observed. Whether laid on the stalk or on a leaf, the young larva 

 enters the bark at the axil of a leaf-stem, and eats around the 



FIG. 336. Work of the red-necked cane-borer: a, tracks of young larvae, 

 the bark sliced away to show burrows and forming gall ridges; b, section 

 through galls on main cane and lateral showing track of larva through 

 bark and pith and pupal cell. (After J. B. Smith.) 



stem in a long spiral. By early August the galls commence to 

 form where the bark, has been girdled, though sometimes no gall 

 results from the injury, and the larvae mine into the pith. The 

 larvae probably become practically full grown in the fall and remain 

 in their burrows over winter, in which they transform to pupae 

 in late April, in New Jersey, and the beetles emerge in late May 

 and June. The parent beetle is not over one-third inch long, 

 flattened, with a small wide head, and tapers at the tip of the 

 abdomen. It has brownish-black wing-covers with a bronzy 

 lustre, and the neck and thorax are coppery-red or brassy. The 



