CHAPTER XXV 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE GRAPE * 

 The Grapevine Phylloxera f 



THIS insect is native east of the Rocky Mountains, where it 

 has always lived upon wild vines and did no.t attract attention 

 until it was imported into France about 1859, as it does practically 

 no damage to the native American grapes. It soon spread through 

 the principal wine districts of southern Europe, where it caused 



FIG. 353. The grapevine phylloxera (Phylloxera vastatrix Planchon): a, true 

 sexual female, the dark colored area indicating the single egg; b, egg; 

 c, shrivelled female after oviposition; d, foot of same; e, rudimentary and 

 functionless mouth-parts. (After Marlatt, U. S. Dept. Agr.) 



immense losses and the temporary abandonment of vineyards, 

 due to the fact that the European varieties are very susceptible 

 and readily succumb to injury by it. It has spread to southern 

 Russia and the adjoining countries of Asia and Algeria, and has 

 been carried to New Zealand and South Africa. In this country 



*See A. L. Quaintance, Farmers' Bulletin 284, U. S. Dept. Agr.; H. J. 

 Quayle, Bulletin 192, Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta.; F. Z. Hartzell, Bulletin 331, N. Y. 

 Agr. Exp. Sta. 



f Phylloxera vastatrix Planchon. Family Aphididoe. See C. L. Marlatt 

 Farmers' Bulletin 70, U. S. Dept. Agr., and Quayle, 1. c. 



492 



