508 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



acreage, the treatment will usually be less effective. The beetle 

 is noticeably less destructive in well-cultivated vineyards, and 

 it has been shown that thorough cultivation in early summer 

 breaks up the pupal cells and destroys large numbers of the pupae. 

 Most of the pupae are within 2 or 3 inches of the surface and within 

 1 or 2 feet from the base of the vine. In the fall the earth should 

 be thrown toward the vines to form a ridge along the row, 

 so that the larvae will mostly pupate near the surface of this ridge. 



FIG. 366. A compressed-air sprayer in operation, showing proper arrange- 

 ment of nozzles for thoroughly spraying grapes. (After Quaintance 

 and Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr.) 



The next spring, when most of the larvae have entered the pupal 

 stage, this ridge should be thrown away from the vines, thus 

 exposing the pupae. A " horse-hoe " commonly used in vine- 

 yards is useful in this work, but a hand-hoe will need to be used 

 to throw the earth away from the immediate base of the vine. 

 The soil should then be kept well stirred by cultivation at frequent 

 intervals, all of which is merely part of good practice, independent 

 of the control of the root-worm. 



