520 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



of lead, 5 to 10 pounds per barrel, preferably applied with Bor- 

 deaux mixture, and recent experiments of the N. Y. Agricultural 

 Experiment Station with 5 pounds of arsenate of lead and 12 

 pounds of glucose per barrel gave excellent results. The numbers 

 of the pest may also be much reduced by keeping down the grass 

 and weeds in the vineyard, and particularly on light sandy soils 

 adjoining lands should be broken up and cultivated in annual 

 crops as far as possible, thus reducing the breeding grounds of the 

 pest. By bagging the grapes as soon as the fruit is set the clusters 

 may be protected from this as well as other pests and diseases 

 wherever such treatment is practicable. 



The Grape Leaf -hopper * 



Wherever the grape is grown in the United States and Canada, 

 the foliage will be found more or less infested with the small 

 Leaf -hoppers, often locally called " thrips," which feed and breed 

 on the under surface of the leaves during the season. By late 

 summer the vines may be covered with the hoppers, which will 

 fly off in clouds when disturbed, and every year there is serious 

 injury in various localities. The injury is done by the little 

 hoppers sucking out the juices of the leaves through their tube- 

 like mouth-parts. A small white spot first appears around the 

 feeding puncture, due to the loss of chlorophyll in the leaf, and 

 when the punctures have become numerous the leaf has a varie- 

 gated appearance. As the injury increases the leaf yellows and 

 finally dries up and falls to the ground. Where it becomes 

 general, this injury reduces both the quantity and quality of the 

 fruit. The pest is an insidious one, as it is not usually noticed 

 until it becomes very abundant in late summer, by which time 

 most of the injury has been done and it is too late to prevent it. 

 For this reason its control has been very generally neglected by 

 grape growers with a consequent loss the cause of which is often 

 unsuspected. 



* Typhlocyba comes Say. Family Jassidoe. See Quaintance, I.e.; Hartzell, 

 I.e.; Quayle, I.e.; and M. V. Slingerland, Bulletin 215, Cornell Univ. Agr. 

 Exp. Sta. 



