INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE GRAPE 527 



will appear in late July, but whether one or two generations occur, 

 the larvae maturing in late summer transform to pupse which 

 hibernate. 



Control. Usually the work of the larvse is so conspicuous and 

 they are so easily found that they may be controlled by hand- 

 picking. Where the vineyards are sprayed regularly for other 

 pests there will be but little trouble with these larvse, as they will 

 be killed while young. 



THE ACHEMON SPHINX.* This is one of the most common 

 species on the grape. The young larva is a light-green color with 

 a long reddish-brown horn which becomes shorter as the larva 

 grows and finally disappears and is replaced by a large polished 

 eye-spot. The mature larva is about 3 inches long, and varies 

 in color from straw-color to reddish-brown. Along the sides are 

 six diagonal cream-colored spots, on the second to seventh abdom- 

 inal segments inclusive. The body is much wrinkled and dotted 

 with small spots, dark on the back and lighter on the sides. The 

 head and first two thoracic segments are small and are retracted 

 into the metathorax when at rest. Just before pupation the 

 larva becomes a pink or crimson color. The moth has a wing 

 expanse of 3 inches and is brownish-gray, variegated with light 

 brown, and deep brown spots; the hind wings are pink, with a 

 dark shade across the middle, still darker spots below this, and 

 a broad gray band behind. The body is reddish-gray with tri- 

 angular brown patches at the base of the wings, which are edged 

 with white. 



THE PANDORUS SPHINX.-)- This nearly related species is also 

 common on the vine, but rarely does much damage. The wings 

 expand 4 to 4J inches, and are a light, olive color, mixed with 

 gray, marked with patches of darker olive green, and with portions 

 of a rosy hue, especially on the hind-wings. The body is light 

 greenish-brown mayked with dark olive patches. The larva is 

 very similar to that of the last species, but has only five rather 

 oval cream-colored spots on the sides of the third to seventh 

 abdominal segments. 



* Pholus achemon Dru. t Pholus pandorus Hbn. 



