534 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



ing under the fallen leaves either in fall or early spring should 

 result in burying many of the pupae so as to prevent the escape 

 of the moths, and is good practice for other grape pests. The 

 principal reliance should be placed upon spraying with arsenate 

 of lead, 3 pounds per barrel, or one-half pound of Paris green, 

 applied with Bordeaux mixture, to which a soap " sticker " 

 should be added (sec p. 46) to make the mixture more adhesive 

 to the berries. The first spraying should be made before the 

 blossoms open, to catch the early larvae; the second should be 

 made as the grapes finish blooming; and the third, early in July. 

 The addition of the " sticker " is most important in the last 

 spraying, when the berries are partly grown. The spray mus't be 

 applied with sufficient number of nozzles and pressure to penetrate 

 the foliage and cover the clusters thoroughly. In a small home 

 vineyard the clusters might be protected by bagging them as 

 soon as the fruit is set. 



The Grape Curculio * 



The larvae of the Grape Curculio feed on the pulp and seeds of 

 the berries, causing wormy grapes, much as do those of the berry- 

 moth. The larvae may be readily distinguished, for those of the 

 curculio are white, footless grubs, while those of the berry-moth 

 are greenish, with well-developed legs, and are quite agile, wriggling 

 away quickly when disturbed. The adult curculio is a small, 

 brown, robust, snout-beetle about one-tenth inch long, and 

 nearly as broad. It is very difficult to see, looking like a bit of 

 dirt or the excreta of some of the larger caterpillars common on 

 the vine. It is common from Arkansas to Minnesota eastward 

 to New York and North Carolina. It has been particularly in- 

 jurious in West Virginia, and seems to be most harmful in that 

 latitude. 



Life History. The beetles hibernate over winter in or near 

 the vineyards, especially along the edge of woodlands. They 



* Craponius incequalis Say. Family Curculionidce. See Quaintance, 

 I.e., and Fred E. Brooks, Bulletin 100, W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. 



