574 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



other species, but is somewhat stouter and the spine at the tip 

 of the abdomen of the male pupa is always forked. The cocoon 

 is much tougher, contains more silk, and is therefore less easily 

 crushed. The male moth is slightly larger than that of the other 

 species, with longer antennae, and the wings are firmer, less trans- 

 parent and darker in color. The fore-wings are crossed by two 



whitish bands, the outer one being 

 indented on the front margin so that 

 it forms a distinct spot, and this outer 

 band is seen on the hind- wings, though 

 it is less distinct. The females are a 

 uniform, ash-gray without markings, 

 and with longer antennse than those 

 of the other species, the segments of 

 which are about as broad as long, 

 and are bare of hairs. 



Control. In old sod orchards where 

 the pest is always worst, thorough 

 cultivation will largely destroy the 

 pupa? during the summer. The cat- 

 erpllars may be quickly destroyed by 

 spraying with arsenate of lead, 3 

 pounds, or Paris green, one-third 

 pound, per barrel. The first spraying 

 should be applied as soon as the foliage 

 is fairly expanded and before the 

 trees bloom, and the second should 

 be given as soon as the blossoms 

 drop. The first is the more im- 

 portant and one thorough spraying 

 will usually suffice, as the young caterpillars are much more easily 

 killed. AVhere for any reason spraying is not feasible, the females 

 may be prevented from ascending the trees by encircling the 

 trunks with bands of tanglefoot or some other sticky substance 

 which they cannot cross. These bands should be applied in early 

 October and late March, according to the species prevalent. The 



FIG. 429. Wingless fe- 

 rnale moth and egg 

 mass, and winged male 

 moth of the fall canker 

 worm twice natural 

 size. (After W. E. 

 Britton.) 



