GIG INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



wings of the mule arc brownish and of the female dusky 

 brown, the body is light brown with the thorax of a darker shade. 

 This species occurs throughout the United States and feeds on 

 apple, plum, rose, thorn, cherry, blackberry, willow, oak, hickory, 

 and other trees and shrubs. The caterpillars become full grown 

 in late summer or early fall and then spin loose silken cocoons to 



which are attached bits of 

 earth and rubbish, so that 

 they closely resemble their 

 surroundings as they lie 

 on the ground beneath 

 rubbish, or just under the 

 surface of the soil. After 

 some time the larvae trans- 

 form to pupa>, in which 

 stage the winter is passed. 

 Otherwise the life history 

 is practically the same as 

 the preceding species, ex- 

 cept that there is some 

 evidence of there being two 

 generations in the South. The larvaj of this species are very 

 frequently parasitized by little ichneumon-flies * which destroy 

 whole colonies of them w r hile still young, the inflated skins being 

 found on the under side of a leaf, often perforated by the 

 round exit holes of the parasites. 



Control. Same as for the preceding species. ' 



FIG. 471. Eggs of the red-humped 

 apple caterpillar enlarged. 



The Apple Leaf -miner f 



This is the most common leaf-miner of the apple and makes 

 small brown trumpet-shaped blotches under the upper surfaces 



* Limneria fugitiva Say, and L. oedemasioe Ashm. Family Ichneumonidce. 



f Tischeria malifoliella Clemens. Family Tineidce. See A. L. Quaintance, 

 Bulletin 68, Part III, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agr.; C. D. Jarvis, 

 Bulletin 45, Storrs (Conn.) Agr. Exp. Sta.; C. O. Houghton, Bulletin 87, 

 Del. Agr. Exp. Sta. 



