INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE AND PEAR 617 



of the leaves. It has not been regarded as a serious pest until 

 recently, but during the last few years it has become so abundant 

 as to do serious injury to apple foliage in Xew England and the 

 Middle Atlantic States, in some instances largely defoliating the 

 trees. It is a native insect which is generally distributed east of 

 the Rocky Mountains. 



The adult is a little moth whose wings expand about one-third 

 inch and are broadly f ringed as shown in the figure. Clemens 

 describes it as follows: " Head and antenna shining dark brown, 

 face ochreous. Fore-wings uniform, shining dark brown with a 

 purplish tinge, slightly dusted with pale ochreous; cilia of the 



FIG. 472. Trumpet-shaped mine of the apple leaf-miner (Tischeria malifo- 

 liella Clem.). (Photo by Quaintance, U. S. Dept. Agr.) 



general hue. Hind-wings dark gray; cilia with a rufous tinge." 

 The full-grown larva is one-third inch long, somewhat flattened, 

 and tapers from the broad thorax to the last segment. It is 

 light green except the back of the prothorax and the anal seg- 

 ment, which are brown. 



Life History. The moths emerge in late April in Delaware and 

 in May in Connecticut. The small greenish-yellow, blister-like 

 eggs are elliptical in outline, about one-fiftieth inch long, and are 

 attached closely to the surface of the leaf. They hatch in from 

 eight to ten days and the young larva? mine directly into the leaf 

 from the under side of the eggs. The larvae become full grown in 

 about three weeks and pupate in their mines, the pupal stage 

 lasting eight to ten days. Thus the whole life cycle requires 



