620 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



miner. In feeding they do not leave the case, but reach 

 out as far as possible from it. As they grow they enlarge 

 their cases, which finally assume the shape characteristic of 

 the species. 



Those of the cigar case-bearer are straight and resemble 

 a miniature cigar, being of. a brown color and composed of 

 bits of leaf bound together with silk. The cases of the pistol 

 case-bearer resemble an old-fashioned pistol in shape, the butt 



being at the upper end, and 

 are blackish, being composed 

 of excrement and silk. As 

 the caterpillars become larger 

 they devour the entire leaf, 

 except the midrib and large 

 veins, and also attack the 

 flower buds, flowers and fruit. 

 The larvae of the cigar case- 

 bearer become full grown 

 about the middle of June :n 

 Xew York, when they mi- 

 grate to the twigs, where they 

 attach their cases firmly to 

 the bark and, turning around 

 so that their heads are out- 

 ward, transform to pupae. 

 The pupal stage lasts ten or 



twelve days, most of the moths emerging in early July. The 

 pistol case-bearers become full grown and transform about a 

 month earlier. The adults of both species are little grayish 

 moths with wings expanding about one-half inch, and broadly 

 fringed with long hairs. The eggs of both species are laid singly 

 on the under sides of the leaves and hatch in ten days to two weeks. 

 The young caterpillars which hatch from them feed within the 

 leaf for a short time as leaf-miners, before they make their 

 little cases and migrate to the twigs, where they remain until 

 spring. 



FIG. 475. The cases of the cigar 

 case-bearer: o, upper view of the 

 cigar-shaped case; showing the 

 smooth and the hairy sides and the 

 three-lobed hind opening; b, side 

 view of same; c, the case as it 

 appears in the spring with the tube- 

 like addition; d, the fall and winter 

 case much enlarged. (After Ham- 

 mar, U. S. Dept. Agr.) 



